Question

Write a short nots on Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

Answer 1

HELLO DEAR,



In this reaction phthalimide is converted into its potassium salt by treating it with alcoholic potassium hydroxide then. Potassium phthalimide is heated with an alkyl halide to yield an N— alkylphthalimide which is hydrolysed to phthalic acid and a primary amine by heating with HCl Or KOH Solutions.


[SEE THE ATTACHMENT]

similarly, arakyamines such as benzylamine can be prepared by using benzyl chloride instant of $\bold{CH_3CH_2I}$ .
${\qquad}$ This synthesis is a very useful for preparation of pure aralkyl and aliphatic primary amines. However aromatic primary amines (such as aniline) cannot be prepared by this method since aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction under ordinary conditions.



I HOPE IT'S HELP YOU DEAR,
THANKS

Answer 2

This method is useful for preparing aliphatic primary amines.

The primary amines are being prepared when alcoholic KOH and phthalmide gets reacted with alkyl halide and results in N-alkyl phthalmide.

On hydrolysis, you can get primary amine and phthalic acid where  phthalic acid can be further reused to obtain phthalmide.