write a short paragraph on scope of floods
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During a flood event, the responsible authorities need to make decisions on operation of barriers and on evacuation/rescue strategies. Temporary flood protection is sometimes an option and if so it must be decided on quickly. Also people are served by knowing evacuation routes and a forecast of blocked roads. A decision support system (DSS) can assist the user by quickly showing the available information on water levels, objects at risk, evacuation routes, resident vulnerability, etc. This support can be given during the preparation of flood event management or during the actual flood event.
The specific objectives of task 19 were:
To obtain insight into the different types of decision support systems in flood risk management that have been made in the past or that are currently being used, and determine which of these DSSs would be most suitable for flood event management planning;
To develop a methodological framework that allows for integration of the information that different end-users require;
To implement this methodology in two outline DSSs, and test them in two pilot sites.
To show how detailed two-dimensional hydrodynamic model results can be used in the preparation of community safeguard plans for urban areas.
The work was structured as follows:
A review was carried out on decision support systems in Europe, to get insight in previous experiences;
Different end-users were consulted to learn about user requirements for flood event management;
A methodological framework was developed based on this first activity, to be applied in the three pilots of the UK, the Netherlands and France;
For two pilots a prototype DSS was prepared based on this methodological framework, and tested among the end users.
For the French pilot sites a two-dimensional approach to the preparation of flood event management plans was validated;
Overall conclusions were drawn as well as pilot specific conclusions and recommendations.
A strong link was found with the work carried out under task 17 (Lumbroso et al, 2007) on evacuation and traffic modelling. Part of the work has been reported in FLOODsite technical notes.
Detailed description of work can be found in :
Work package description;
Task Review (Grenoble, February 2008).
Flood event management Back to top
Flood event management deals with the following tasks:
Short-term actions to prevent flooding (operation of barriers and retention areas);
Actions to reduce the impact of flooding (opening or closing gates in the hinterland);
Preparation of evacuation plans;
Preparation of rescue plans;
Evacuation before or during a flood event;
Rescue after a flood.
The content of the tasks slightly differs between different natural systems, such as lowland areas with fluvial or tidal flooding, sloping areas with fluvial flooding and mountainous areas where flash-floods can occur. All tasks aim to reduce the impact of flooding in terms of casualties and affected persons, thus economic consequences are not considered.
Flood event management merely takes place in the lower half of the disaster cycle (Figure 1), i.e. in the preparation and response phases. Within the preparation phase the management of the actual event is planned. For example evacuation plans are designed. The preparation phase also consists of measures that can be taken in the time between the forecast of a flood event and the actual event. Examples of these measures are operation of barriers and retention areas and temporary raising of dikes with sand bags. Long term flood prevention measures, such as lowering of the floodplain are not incorporated.
Disaster cycle
Figure 1: A disaster cycle with focus on flood event preparation and response
In the response phase the aim is to reduce the flood consequences. This can be done by influencing the way the flooding proceeds by opening or closing gates in the hinterland, or by evacuation and rescue. Evacuation deals with the relocation of humans, livestock and capital goods from an area threatened by flooding to a safe place. Evacuation takes place before roads are blocked or houses are being flooded. The evacuation activity is started during the preparation phase, when the forecast is given. Rescue takes place during the flood event. The amount of resources used for rescue and the way they are deployed needs to be determined beforehand. An important issue to be addressed in flash flood areas is the state of the transport network to be used by rescue services.
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