Question

Write a speech about development and destruction

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Answer:

Thirty years, a group of students from Delhi University went on a long walking tour of the Narmada Valley. The journey was arduous, and it was not undertaken for pleasure. The students wished to study, at first-hand, ‘the possible environmental impact of the massive hydroelectric and irrigation complex planned for the Valley, and to see and document the existing natural and cultural heritage of the [Narmada] river’. They wrote a report based on their trip, versions of which were published in the The Ecologist of London and the Economic and Political Weekly (EPW) of Mumbai. Rich, fact-filled, and written in understated prose, these documents are of considerable historical interest. For it was by reading the article in the EPW that Medha Patkar, then a social activist in the city of Mumbai, decided to shift to the Narmada Valley to work there.

An ambitious ‘Master Plan’ conceived by the Government had envisaged the construction of 30 major dams in the Narmada Valley. Some 135 medium-sized dams were also planned. The student researchers asked a fundamental question—had the authorities carefully studied the social and environmental consequences of these projects? They discovered that they had not. The Valley had a variety of forest regimes, and was staggeringly rich in biodiversity. There had been no studies of the potential loss of forests and wildlife when these dams came up, or of their impact on the livelihood patterns of forest-dependent villagers. Nor had there been any research on the geological impact of the building of so many dams in a seismically-fragile zone.

The scientific negligence was compounded by a sociological one. The Valley was also home to a vast array of peasant, tribal, and artisanal communities. The social arrangements and lifestyles of these communities had not been investigated. No account had been taken of the temples and other sacred sites that would be submerged along with the forests and the villages. Even more strikingly, the student researchers found that ‘at no stage have local people been involved in the planning of the project’.

Explanation:

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