Question

write a summary of the lesson diversity in living organisms class 9 in brief .

Answer 1

Heya,
Friend,

DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS.....

classification and basis of classification.

There are approximately 8.7 Millions of species of organism considering a huge number of organism it is impossible to study each and every organism individualy for convenient it has been divided into groups in systematic matter.
Thus, the system of arrangement of organism into different groups and sub groups on the basis of their similarities and differences is called classification!!

Importance of Classification....
•It helps us to study the organism more easily and systematically. It helps in the study of •process of evolution from simple to complex organism.

5 Kingdom Classification

It was proposed by whittaker in 1959 , which include five Kingdom.

KINDOM MONERA...
It was proposed by Ernst Haekel ( 1866) .
• Mode of reproduction is asexual.
• Absence of cell organelles.

● Bacteria
Unicellular
Prokaryotic

● Cynobacteria
Uniclular
Prokaryotic

●Archaebacteria
•They live in extreme environment.
•Mostly they are autotrophs.

●Mycoplasma
•Unicellular
•Prokaryotic

●Actinonycetes
•Unicellular
•Prokaryotic

KINDOM PROTISTA.
It includes organisms which are Eukaryotic and Unicellular. It is divided into three groups.
Unicellular
Eukaryotic

●Unicellular Algae
•Unicellular
•Eukaryotic
Ex... Euglena, Diatoms

●Slime moulds
•This organism has characteristics of both Animal and Fungi.
Ex... Physarum

●Protozoa
•They occur in colonies or solitary
•Cell wall is absent

KINGDOM FUNGI
• Ubiquitous { Found in every type of habitat }
• They are tharoid. .
Ex... Yeast, Rhizopus

KINGDOM PLANTAE
• They are multicellular
• Eukaryotic

GENERAL.....
Whittaker divided the kingdom into five sub groups or division on the basis of.....
• absence or presence of differentiated body.
• Presence of vascular tissue

Thallopyta
• Autotrophs
• Vascular tissue is absent
Ex... Ulva, Chara

Bryophyta
•Multicellular
•Eukaryotic
Ex... Riccia, Pellia..

Pteridophyta
•They are seedless
•Vascular plant
Ex... Fern

Division of Gymnosperm
•They are primitive simple seed bearing plant.
•They are evergreen.
Ex... Cycus, Pinus

Division Angiosperms
•Flowering plants
•Flower reproductive organ can be unisexual & bisexual.
Ex... Ipomoea

Spermatophyta
•Saprophyte
•Distinct male and female gametophytes present.

KINGDOM ANIMALIA
•Eukaryotic and multicellular
•Cell wall and plastid absent.

Phylum porifera...
Ex... Sycon , Euplectella

Phylum Coelentrata
Ex... Hydra, Sea Anemone

Phylum Platyheminthes
Ex... Planaria, Liverfluke

Phylum Nematoda
Ex...Male and female ascaris

Phylum. Annelida
Ex.. Nereis, Hirudinaria

Phylum Arthropoda
Ex. Dragonfly, Butterfly

Phylum Mollusca
Ex... Pila, Octopus

Phylum Echinodermata
Ex....Asterias, Echinus

Phylum Chordata
It is classified into two types..
•Protochordata -: Non vertebrates, Single layered.
•Vertebrata -: Sexes are separate, Respiration occurs by Gills & lungs.

Pisces
• The body is covered with scales .
Ex....Trygon

Class Amphibia
• They have smooth, non scaly skin.
Ex... Toad, Hyla

Class Reptila
• They are cold blooded animals.
Ex...Turtle, King Cobra

Class Aves
• The Exoskeleton made up of features. ( Birds)
Ex.... Anas, Columbo.

Class Mammalia
• They are mostly viviparous organism.
Ex.. Bat, Cat

NOMENCLATURE
To provide scientific name to an organism or a taxon, a set of rules has to be followed. This system of naming the organism called Nomenclature.

Hope this will help you!!

Answer 2

Hey there!!
Down here⏬

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Summary of class 9 CBSE Biology 

☆DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS☆

> Classification : The grouping of organisms on the basis of similar characteristics .

> Characteristics : A particular form or a particular function.


> BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION 

• Whether it is eukaryotic or prokaryotic 

• Basis of Body Design

• on the Basis of Mode of nutrition, i.e, they are AUTOTROPHIC or HETEROTROPHIC.

• On the basis of level of organisation.

• Specialised organs.

> Evolution : Accumulation of changes in the body design that allow the organism to survive better. 

-In 1859, Charles Darwin, in his book, The origin of species, first described about the idea of evolution 

> Heirarchy of Classification.

• Ernst Haeckel(1894),Robert whittacker (1959) and Carl woese (1977) classified organisms into Kingdoms.

*[ A small story to remember scientists, They earned (Ernst) by Hacking (Haeckel). Robert attacked (Whittacker) the car (Carl), woese.. remember pls ;p]

> Sub groups of various levels : 


KINGDOM --> PHYLUM(for animals)/DIVISION (for plants) --> Class --> Order --> Family --> --> Genus--> Species 

*[ A small story to remember order : Once KINGDOM and PHYLUM went to CLASS. They find no ORDER. So, they called the FAMILY of students. they were supporting students. So, it was understood that they all are of same GENUS (behaviour), SPECIES, pls remember ;p]

FIVE KINGDOMS : (Only specifics)

• MONERA [e.g. : Bacteria]
• PROTISTA [use appendages, 
E.g. : Protozoa ]
• FUNGI [Saprophytes
Contain Chitin
E.g. : Yeast]
• PLANTAE [Autotrophs]
• ANIMALIA [Heterotrophs]

> PLANTAE 

Classified On the basis of : 

• Whether they have well-differentiated components.
• Whether they have conductive tissues
• Whether they bear seeds

• THALLOPHYTA [Algae
E.g. : Chara]
• BRYOPHYTA [*Amphibians of plant kingdom*
E.g. : Moss]
• PTERIDOPHYTA [Cryptogaemes (hidden reproductive organs)
E.g. : Ferns]
• GYMNOSPERMS [Naked seeds,
Perennial, evergreen, woody
E.g. : Pines]
• ANGIOSPERMS[Covered seeds
Flowering plants.
E.g. : Hibiscus]

* Phanerogams : Well diffrentuated reproductive tissues.
* Monocots : Single cotyloden
* Dicots : Seeds having 2 cotyledons

> ANIMALIA (on the basis of extent and type of Body design]

• PORIFERA [Pores
Non-motile
Canal system
Sponges
Marines
E.g. : Sycon]

• COELENTERATA(CNIDARIA) [ possess Cavity
E.g. : Jellyfish ]

• PLATYHELMINTHES [True cavity 
Flattened dorsiventrall
E.g. : Flatworms]

• NEMATODA [pseudocoelum
E.g. ; Ascaris]

• ANNELIDA [Segmented fashion 
E.g. :Earthworms]

• ARTHROPODA [Jointed legs
E.g. : Prawns]

• MOLLUSCA [Open circulatory system
Kidney-like organs for excretion
E.g. : Snails ]

• ECHINODERMATA [Spiny skinned
E.g. : Star fish]

• PROTOCHORDATA [Notochord
E.g. : Herdmania]

• VERTEBRATA [Internal skeleton
True vertebral coulomn]

> VERTEBRATA 

• PISCES [Fishes
Streamlined
Gills for respiration 
Lay eggs
Cold-blooded
E.g. : Rohu]

• AMPHIBIA [3chambered heart
Gills/lung/skin for respiration 
E.g. : Frog]

• REPTILA [Cold-blooded
3 chambered heart (except crocodile who have 4)
E.g. : lizards, crocodiles]

• AVES [Warm-blooded
Birds
4 chambered ♡
E.g. : Pigeon,all birds ;p]

• MAMMALIA [Warm-blooded
Mammary glands 
Viviparous
E.g. : humans, rat]

> NOMENCLATURE 

• Branch of science that deals with Systematic naming of living organisms

• Carolus Linnaeus - father of Nomenclature 

> Certain rules while writing scientific names.

• Name of genus should begins with capital letter
• Name of species should begin with small letter
• When printed, the scientific name should be in Italics
• When written,SPECIES and genus names must be underlined separately.

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HOPE IT HELPS, Manisha ;p
[Pls Forgive if you hate mah stories mentioned here ;p]