Write a three pages essay on Medieval Architecture Of India - Red Fort
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Answer:
The Red Fort was built by Shah Jahan when he decided to transfer his capital to Delhi. He began its construction in 1639 and completed it in 1648 A.D. He held his first darbar in it on April 1648. The building of the Red Fort was supervised by Shah Jahan himself. It is said that about one crore rupees were spent on those days to build this fort. The Red Fort is built of red sandstone and marble on the bank of the Yamuna.
Designo of Red Fort
The fort is in the form of a parallelogram measuring 930 metres by 495 metres. It is surrounded by a strongly fortified wall. The walls facing Chandni Chowk are higher than those facing the Yamuna. There are two gateways- Lahori Gate, which is the western gateway, was the main and the ceremonial entrance. Some of the prominent buildings in this fort are Diwan-i-Aam, the Diwan-i-Khas and the Rang Mahal.
These buildings are decorated with pure white marbel and inlaid with precious stones. Nowadays, it is being used to house some of the military offices. The fort has an arrangement for continuous water supply. After the independence of India, the Prime Minister of India unfurls the national flag from the ramparts of the Red fort on the Independence Day. The Red Fort is one of the important historical monuments in Delhi. Its vastness, sense of proportion imposing structure and the magnificence of its execution reflects the grandeur of the Mughal architecture. The following Persian couplet which is inscribed in the Diwan-i-Khas aptly describes its grandeur: "If there is a paradise on the face of the earth, It is this, it is this, it is this."
Jama Masjid, near the Red Fort, was built by Shah Jahan in the 17th century A.D. It is the biggest mosque in India. it is built on a high platform with three onion shaped domes decorated with black stripes. It has four minarets in four corners. Its courtyard has a reservoir of water in the center. This courtyard can accommodate as many as 10,000 people at a time. This mosque is built in red sandstone with inlaid white marble. Its construction began in 1644 A.D. and was completed in 1658 A.D. In the absence of royal patronage, art and architecture did not flourish, after the reign of Shah Jahan.
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There are many historical structures in Delhi. Red Fort is one of them. It is renowned all over the world. It is a sign of Mughal power and majesty. The Emperor Shah Jahan built Red fort in 1648. It is built of red stone. It is located on the west bank of the river Yamuna opposite the famous Chandni Chowk market.Everyone knows Red Fort as one of the several wonders in India. Though it has witnessed many centuries that has a treasured history of our country, Red Fort stands young always. Every year on 15th August, that is our independence day the Prime Minister of India addresses its country about its virtue and purpose of life.
It is one of the greatest and most significant historical formations in India. Thus, we can say that this monument embraces together the walls that have witnessed the Mughal dynasty, imprisoned India during British empowerment to now a democracy.This monument embraces the utmost significance in Modern Indian History. It is made of Red Sandstone alone. Sited in central Delhi it was placed where the Mughal emperors lived for many periods. Red Fort was a magnificent castle coated with precious jewels but the Britishers looted these precious jewels during their empowerment over India.
Since Delhi was the capital of India until the British men shifted it, Red Fort was the control place for the whole nation. Built on the banks of Yamuna River, the walls of this magnificence fort have been built from 30 meters high Sandstone. It is supposed that Red Fort was made after 9 years of hard work of numerous masons for day and night during all seasons.The architecture of Red Fort is amazing and appreciable for its creations of five centuries ago without any modern-day technologies and methodologies. It is built with typical Mughal art and view. It has a Dewan-e-Am which is courtroom for all. The king held a hearing from common men about their complaints.
The Red Fort is built right beside the Fort of Islam Shah Suri, namely- Shalimar Fort. He built it in 1546 as his fortified Palace. Both the forts are combined together by a water channel, namely- Stream of Paradise, or Nahr-i-Behisht.Though as many as 66% of the buildings within the fort were either broken or badly damaged, the Red Fort still houses many historic structures and some prominent ones are listed below:
Mumtaz Mahal – Located in the women’s quarters (zenana) of the fort, Mumtaz Mahal was one of the six palaces inside the fort. All these palaces were constructed along the banks of Yamuna River and the Stream of Paradise.
Khas Mahal – The Khas Mahal used as the king’s private residence. The palace was separated into three parts namely the chamber of telling beads, sitting room and sleeping chamber.
Rang Mahal – The Rang Mahal which literally means ‘Palace of Colors’ was built to house the emperor’s mistresses and wives. Thus, the palace was built to look colorful with bright paints and ostentatious decorations.
Hira Mahal – Bahadur Shah II built it in 1842. the Hira Mahal is probably one of the last constructions of a Mughal emperor before the invasion of the British. It is only a pavilion but has an interesting legend related to it.
Moti Masjid – Moti Masjid which literally means to ‘Pearl Mosque’. Aurangzeb built this for his personal use. Therefore, the inhabitants of the Zenana also used the mosque. It is constructed using white marble, Moti Masjid has three domes and three arches
Hammam – The Hammam is mainly a building that housed the baths, for the emperors. On the eastern apartment, was the dressing room. In the western apartment, hot water came through the taps.
Conclusion:
Red Fort is not only a building but a true witness of the national movement of Indian freedom. Thus, it is a symbol of the great and golden history of India. So the Indian republic, as well as every citizen of India, have great affection and respect towards the Red fort. Undoubtedly it will always be a symbol of great Indian history. Also, it holds a special place in Indian history because Jawaharlal Nehru announced the independence of India from Red Fort.