write a very detail note on kingdom fungi not in short that was in too much detail
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Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi.
The organisms found in Kingdom fungi contain a cell wall and are omnipresent. They are classified as heterotrophs among the living organisms.
Kingdom Fungi
To name a few – the appearance of black spots on bread left outside for some days, the mushrooms and the yeast cells, which are commonly used for the production of beer and bread are also fungi. They are also found in most of the skin infections and other fungal diseases.
If we observe carefully, all the examples that we cited involve moist conditions. Thus, we can say that fungi usually grow in places which are moist and warm enough to support them.
Let us have a detailed overview of the structure, classification and characteristics of fungi.
Structure of Fungi
The structure of fungi can be explained in the following points:
Almost all the fungi have a filamentous structure except the yeast cells.
They can be either single-celled or multicellular organism.
Fungi consist of long thread-like structures known as hyphae. These hyphae together form a mesh-like structure called mycelium.
Fungi possess a cell wall which is made up of chitin and polysaccharides.
The cell wall comprises protoplast which is differentiated into other cell parts such as cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell organelles and nuclei.
The nucleus is dense, clear, with chromatin threads. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Characteristics of Fungi
Following are the important characteristics of fungi:
Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms.
They may be unicellular or filamentous.
They reproduce by means of spores.
Fungi exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation.
Fungi lack chlorophyll and hence cannot perform photosynthesis.
Fungi store their food in the form of starch.
Biosynthesis of chitin occurs in fungi.
The nuclei of the fungi are very small.
The fungi have no embryonic stage. They develop from the spores.
Examples include mushrooms, moulds, yeast.
Uses of Fungi
Fungi are one of the most important groups of organisms on the planet as it plays a vital role in the biosphere and has great economic importance on account of their both benefits and harmful effects.
Following are some of the important uses of fungi:
Recycling – They play a major role in recycling the dead and decayed matter.
Food – Mushrooms species are edible which are cultured and are used as food by humans.
Medicines – There are many fungi which are used to produce antibiotics, to control diseases in humans and animals. Penicillin antibiotic is derived from a common fungi Penicillium.
Biocontrol Agents – Fungi are involved in exploiting insects, other small worms and help in controlling pests. Spores of fungi are used as spray-on crops.
Examples of Fungi
Following are the common examples of fungi:
Yeast
Mushrooms
Moulds
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