Write about activities that are important for improvement in food resources
Answers
(1) Use HYV (High yielding varties) seeds and modern agriculture. To increase the productivity of crops for good result for food.
(2) Crop variety improvement : Hybridisation refers to crossing between the genetically dissimilar plants.
(3) Crop production management:- Farming practices and agricultural technology is used in crop production for improvement in crops and grains.
(4) Crop protection management :- Diseases in plants caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. we should control of crops by disease by using medicine , insecticides .
(5) Animal Husbandry :- It is the scientific management of animal livestock. it includes feeding, breeding and disease control.
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1) Agriculture and animal husbandry provide us with all our animal and plant food.
2) For feeding the ever increasing Indian population, our capacity of
manufacturing crop plants and livestock should be increased through various
efforts like green revolution and white revolution. But this should be done in
a sustainable manner without destroying our environment.
5) The optimum requirement of temperature, water, light and other conditions vary for different crops.
6) Kharif crops like paddy and cotton are grown in rainy season whereas rabbi crops like wheat and mustard are grown in winter season.
7) Crop variety improvement, crop production improvement and crop protection management helps to increase the crop yields.
8) A crop variety possessing several desirable characteristics should be selected to produce a good yield.
9) Hybridisation and genetic modication techniques introduce the useful characters into crop plants.
10) It is desirable to develop crops that can survive and give good yields in different climatic conditions and areas.
14) Manures and fertilizers supplement the soil with the required nutrients and thus increase crop yield.
15) Manures contain decomposed animal and plant wastes and increases soil nutrition and fertility.
16) The bulk organic matter present in manure improves soil structure.
17) In composting, the biological waste material is decomposed in pits. Composting done using earthworms is called vermi-composting.
18) In green manuring, green crops are grown, mulched by ploughing and mixed with soil to improve soil structure and fertility.
19) The commercially produced fertilizers provide macronutrients like N, K and P and ensure healthy growth of plants.
20) Excessive use of fertilizers causes water pollution and loss of soil fertility.
21) Best crop yields is obtained by a balance between the use of fertilizers and manures.
22) In organic farming, use of chemicals is discouraged whereas use of organic manures, bio-agents and healthy cropping systems is encouraged.
23) Irrigation is essential to ensure agricultural success in India since our agriculture is mainly rain-fed.
24) Wells, canals, rivers and tanks are some important irrigation systems in our country.
25) The source of wells is underground water whereas canals get water from
rivers or reservoirs. River lift systems draw water directly from rivers.
26) Rainwater harvesting and watershed management increases storage of rain water for later use in agriculture.
27) Risk of crop failure is reduced in mixed cropping wherein two or more crops are grown together on the same field.
28) Two or more crops with different nutritional requirements are grown on the same farm in inter-cropping so as to utilize maximum nutrients and prevent spread of diseases and pests.
29) In crop rotation, different crop combinations are grown on the same field
in a pre-planned succession so as to get maximum returns.
30) Weeds, pests and diseases can destroy large amounts of crop plants.
31) Weed removal from crop fields is essential since they use up the requirements of crop plants like food, space, light etc.
32) Insect pests and plant pathogens attack different parts of the plant and thus reduce crop yields.
33) Pesticides are used to control weeds, insects and diseases, but they should be used only as much as needed to avoid environmental pollution and health hazards.
34) Several preventive methods can be adopted to carry out pest and weed control.
35) Biotic and abiotic factors can cause huge storage losses of food grains and can be taken care of by proper treatment.
36) It is better to use preventive and control methods for protecting crops such as proper cleaning and drying of the crops followed by fumigation, rather than treatment measures.
37) Due to the food needs of the ever increasing human population, animal husbandry, especially of cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and sh, is gaining a lot of importance.
39) Long lactation period is a desirable quality in milch animals.
40) Exotic breeds showing long lactation is cross bred with local breeds showing resistance to diseases to obtain high quality breeds.
41) For good health and milk production, proper cattle management is required such as shelter, feeding, breeding and disease control.
42) The cattle shelter should be well-ventilated, hygienic and dry.
43) Cattle food should include roughage and concentrates in balanced amounts and are required for the healthy maintenance as well as milk production of the cattle.
44) Cattle diseases are caused by external and internal parasites as well as by bacteria and viruses. These affect the health as well as milk production of the animals and can be largely controlled through vaccinations.
45) Poultry farming targets egg production and broiler production for chicken meat.
hope it helps.................