Write about area drained under river indus
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The drainage of the Indian subcontinent has adjusted itself with the evolution of three main geomorphological entities, namely the Northern Mountains, the Northern Plains and the Peninsular Plateau. On the basis of their origin, the river systems of the subcontinent can be divided into two classes—the Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers. The Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems comprise the Himalayan group while the major rivers in the peninsular systems are the Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauveri.
A Comparative Analysis of Himalayan and Peninsular Rivers:
The Himalayan Rivers drain high mountain regions and descend deep slopes. The peninsular rivers, on the other hand, drain a senile topography. The Himalayan rivers are characterised by their youthful nature forming deep gorges, carved out by millions of years of the erosional activity along” with the uplift of the Himalayas. These rivers continue to perform intense erosional activity, which is evident from huge loads of sand and silt transported by them annually.
The major rivers—the Indus, Brahmaputra and Satluj—are of antecedent origin while the Kosi, Gandak and Ghaghra exhibit river capture. The peninsular rivers, in contrast, are basically matured rivers. The east flowing streams form deep valleys and have graded courses throughout, while the west flowing ones are swift and have narrow valleys. Overall, the peninsular rivers have straight and generally linear courses.
The Himalayan Rivers are free to form their courses and follow a dendritic pattern. These rivers have very large basins. The Indus drains approximately 2.5 lakh square kilometres within the Himalayan region alone. Himalayan reaches are very tortuous for the Himalayan Rivers, but, over the plains, they display a strong meandering tendency and often shift their beds.
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A Comparative Analysis of Himalayan and Peninsular Rivers:
The Himalayan Rivers drain high mountain regions and descend deep slopes. The peninsular rivers, on the other hand, drain a senile topography. The Himalayan rivers are characterised by their youthful nature forming deep gorges, carved out by millions of years of the erosional activity along” with the uplift of the Himalayas. These rivers continue to perform intense erosional activity, which is evident from huge loads of sand and silt transported by them annually.
The major rivers—the Indus, Brahmaputra and Satluj—are of antecedent origin while the Kosi, Gandak and Ghaghra exhibit river capture. The peninsular rivers, in contrast, are basically matured rivers. The east flowing streams form deep valleys and have graded courses throughout, while the west flowing ones are swift and have narrow valleys. Overall, the peninsular rivers have straight and generally linear courses.
The Himalayan Rivers are free to form their courses and follow a dendritic pattern. These rivers have very large basins. The Indus drains approximately 2.5 lakh square kilometres within the Himalayan region alone. Himalayan reaches are very tortuous for the Himalayan Rivers, but, over the plains, they display a strong meandering tendency and often shift their beds.
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