write about Exploitation of resources
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Exploitation of natural environment or resources is an essential state of human existence, throughout the history of mankind; human have been manipulating natural resources to produce various materials they needed to sustain growing human populations. This likely to refer primarily for economic development and food production but many other entities from the natural environment have been extracted. Natural resources are an important material basis for a stable natural economy and social development. These materials can be divided into two distinctive groups such as the non-renewable: which includes raw minerals and the renewable: such as grasslands and forests. With the increasing rate of industrialization and urbanization mankind's great demands for natural resources and their large scale exploitation as well as their consumption has resulted in deteriorating, weakening and exhaustion of these precious resources (MAGAJI, 2012).
In the struggle for survival and development, mankind creates a lot of negative impacts on the environment, these impacts ranges from over-exploitation of resources, destruction of ecosystem as well as pollution. Typically the exploitation of nature has been executed in a non-sustainable way, which is causing an increasing concern, as the non-sustainable exploitation of natural resources ultimately threatens the existence of human being itself. One major difficult task faced by both developed and developing countries it to guarantee the lasting utilization of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost, while still assuring the economic and social development.
In religious point of view, exploiting natural resource is permissible for mankind to achieve a better living standards as well as their survival at a minimal level. In Genesis, Adam is told by God that he has "domination over the animals of the earth, the birds of the air, and the fish of the sea" and that nature is essentially is there for his purposes. Adam was also told "go forth and multiply" and has dominion over everything. This again makes nature and everything in it compliant to human beings and their wishes, implying that nature exists strictly for their use and has little or no value in itself (Thiroux, 2009). However, in the current competitive and leap forward era, humans are exploiting these resources at an alarming rate which will indeed causing these precious resources to deplete in a long run basis.
There have been countless debates over these issues in the ethical world. Mankind assumed that the Earth's natural resources will last forever and will never be depleted; however this just proved how easily mankind being able to take things for granted without any further realization. Therefore this issues can be linked to the following ethical theories includes ethical egoism, utilitarianism and deontology.
Ethical egoism describes an individual's act such as "exploiting natural resource" based on their self interest for the sake of gaining more profits. Moreover, in utilitarianism stand point of view, it illustrate an individual's act for the interest of all which in terms act on behave for the majority which brings benefits, such as exploiting natural resource for the sake of survival and further developments of infrastructure that will bring mankind a step further into the future as well as providing more amenities which enables mankind to have a much more easier lifestyle. Furthermore, in deontology terms of exploiting natural resources are where individual's judgment regarding their act is either right or wrong for themselves. In addition, in Act nonconsequentialism view, only individual acts and situation count morally, which practically illustrate that an individual or corporation may conduct exploitation of natural resource legally as long as the government and other legal policies permits it to do so. Therefore it is permissible for them to continue exploiting natural resources even though it violates ethical rights for the sake to satisfying consumer demands as well as building a better and more advanced civilization for mankind.
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Consumerism also leads to extraction of resources for the production of commodities necessary for human life but in amounts excessive of what is needed, because people consume more than is necessary or waste what they have. Excessive demand often leads to conflicts due to intense competition.
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