Write about five points mineral based industry
Answers
2 It require large raw material
5 Major mineral-based industries in India are: 1. Iron and Steel Industry 2. Copper Smelting Industry 3. Aluminium Industry 4. Lead arid Zinc Smelting Industry 5. Cement Industry.
These industries use minerals, both metallic and non-metallic, as raw materials and are based on ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical processes.
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The major mineral-based industries include iron and steel, cement, basic and light chemicals and fertilisers. A survey of these industries is given below.
1. Iron and Steel Industry:Iron and steel is a basic industry and is the backbone of industrial development of any country.
The first unit, which was able to produce pig iron successfully, in the country came up at Kulti in 1874 and was named the Bengal Iron Work Country. Another plant came up at Sakchi (now Jamshedpur) in 1907, set up by the Tatas and called the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO). In 1919, the Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO) plant was set up at Burnpur. In 1923, another plant came up, called the Mysore Steel Works (later named the Visveshwaraiya Iron and Steel Limited—VISL).
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The TISCO plant at Jamshedpur can be said to be the oldest in the country (Fig. 16.6). It is based on the haematite iron ores from the Gurumahisani mines in Mayurbhanj district of Orissa and from the Noamundi mines in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. Coal is derived from Jharia mines in Jharkhand. Manganese for the TISCO plant comes from Joda in Kendujhar (Orissa); limestone, dolomite and fireclay from Sundergarh (Orissa); water from Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. Labour force for the plant comes from Jharkhand and Orissa.
The IISCO plant has three units at Hirapur, Kulti and Burnpur, which were combined and nationalised during 1972. Hirapur produces pig iron which is sent to Kulti for making steel. Burnpur has a steel rolling mill. The iron ore for the plant is obtained from Gua mines, coal from Jharia and power is supplied by the Damodar Valley Corporation. Manganese comes from Madhya Pradesh, and quartz from Kharagpur hills near Monghyr. Limestone is obtained from Paraghat and Baraduar.
The VISL plant is located at Bhadravati in Shimoga district of Karnataka which lies in the mineral rich forest belt of western Karnataka. The plant is situated on river Bhadra. The plant produces high quality chrome steel. Iron ore for the plant is obtained from Kemangundi in the Bababudan hills in Chikmagalur district. Earlier, charcoal from forest wood was used because no coal was available, but now power is available from the Bhadravati Hydel Power Project. Limestone for flux is obtained from the Bhandigudca deposits. Manganese comes from Shimoga and Chitradurga.
The discovery of coking coal in Korba (earlier in Madhya Pradesh now in Chhattisgarh) was the principal event that encouraged the government to set up a steel plant at Bhilai in Durg district of Chhattisgarh which is an economically backward region. The plant was set up with Soviet help and it started operating in 1959.
The supply of iron ore for the plant comes from the Dalli-Rajhra ranges of Durg district itself. Coal comes from Korba, Kargali and Jharia. Power is supplied by the Korba Thermal Power Station. Manganese comes from the Bhandra and Balaghat mines, and limestone from Nandini mines. The Bhilai ‘ Steel Plant lies on the Mumbai-Nagpur-Kolkata rail line which links the plant to the major markets.
The plant at Rourkela also started operating ‘ in 1959. It was set up in Sundergarh district of Orissa with West German help. Iron ore for the plant comes from Sundergarh and Kendujhar (Orissa); coal comes from Jharia (Jharkhand) and Talcher (Orissa); power is supplied by the Hirakud project; manganese comes from Baramajda; dolomite from Baradwar and limestone from Purnapani. The Rourkela plant is the only one in India where steel is produced by L.D. Conversion Process. It is situated on Kolkata-Nagpur-Mumbai line, thus, linked to major markets.
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