Question

write about fructose​

Answer 1

Answer:

Fructose is a simple ketonic monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the fundamental units of carbohydrates that cannot be further reduced to simpler compounds. They are classified based on the functional group attached to the carbohydrate.

An aldose is a carbohydrate that contains an aldehyde group and ketose contains a ketonic group. It is also called fruit sugar. Fructose along with glucose and galactose are three monosaccharides that are an important part of our diet.

Discovery of Fructose

French chemist Augustin-Pierre Debrunfaut first discovered fruit sugar. It is found in trees, berries, honey, flowers, vine and tree fruits, and most root vegetables. It is often bonded with sucrose to form a disaccharide. Commercially this sugar has been derived from corn, sugar cane, and sugar beets. But if taken in excess, it can cause obesity, insulin resistance just to name a few.

Chemical formula: C6H12O6

Physical and Chemical Properties of Fructose

The carbohydrate can be fermented anaerobically with the help of yeast or bacteria in which they are converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Fruit sugar is used in Maillard Reaction with amino acids over glucose as the reaction occurs rapidly as they are present in an open-chain form.

These compounds dehydrate rapidly to give hydroxymethylfurfural. (‘HMF’).

It is a white crystalline solid.

These carbohydrates are highly soluble when compared to other sugars.

They absorb moisture quickly and release it slowly into the environment with respect to other sugars.

Structure of Fructose

Fructose has a cyclic structure.

Due to the presence of the keto group, it results in the formation of the intramolecular hemiacetal.

In this arrangement, C5-OH combines with the ketonic group present in the second position.

This results in the formation of chiral carbon and two arrangements of CH2OH and OH group.

Hence, D-fructose exhibits stereoisomerism in which α-D-fructopyranose and β-D-fructopyranose are the isomers.

Uses of Fructose

Crystalline fructose is used in enhancing the taste in food industries.

It is used in flavoured water, energy drinks, low-calorie products, etc.

Fruit sugar is used in the manufacturing of soft moist cookies, nutrition bars, reduced-calorie products etc.