Write about Indian struggle of Independence . Give special attention to 1.salt March 2.non cooperation .3. civil disobedience 4. jallinawala bagh .5. rowalt act
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Answer:
1.Salt March
(i) Gandhiji started the famous salt march with 78 of his trusted volunteers.
(ii) The march was of over 240 miles from Gandhiji's ashram in Sabarmati to Gujarati coastal town of Dandi.
(iii) The volunteers walked for 24 days, over 10 miles a day.
(iv) On 6th April, he reached Dandi & ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.
2. Non-cooperation
(i) In NCM people were asked to refuse cooperation with the British.
(ii) In CDM people were asked not only to refuse cooperation but also to break colonial laws.
(iii) Foreign cloth was boycotted, and liquor shops were picked.
(iv) Peasants refused to pay revenue & charkidari taxes.
(v) People violated forest laws.
(vi) Worried by the developments the govt. adopted repressive measures:-
⇒started arresting leaders.
⇒Khan Abdul Gaffar was arrested in April 1930 (he was known as Frontier Gandhi).
⇒Gandhiji himself was arrested.
(vii) 5 March 1931 : Gandhi-Irwin pact
⇒Under this pact it was decided that Gandhiji would participate in the second round table conference in London.
⇒The govt. agreed to relieve the political pioneers.
(viii) Negotiations failed & Gandhiji returned to India and re-started the movement.
(ix)By 1934, the movement lost its momentum.
3.Civil disobedience
Not all social groups participated in the civil disobedience movement.
(i)UNTOUCHABLES: for a long time Congress didn't fight for the rights of Dalits fearing offending the high caste.
Their participation was limited except in Maharashtra & Nagpur regions.
(ii) Some of the Muslim political organisations in lndia also did not participate in large numbers.
(iii) Women were also not allowed to participate.
The govt. concided to B.R.Ambedkar's demand & Gandhiji decided to fast unto death.
4.Rowlatt Act & Jallianwala Bagh
(i) Gandhiji decide to start a satyagraha against rowlatt act passed by the British legislature council.
(ii) He started the satyagraha with a hartal on 6th April 1919.
(iii) Rallies were organised, shops were closed, workers went on strike.
(iv) Martial law was imposed & General Dyer took the command.
(v) The Jallianwala Bagh incident took place on 13th April 1919. People had come to attend Baisakhi fair,Amritsar unaware of the martial law.
(vi) General Dyer closed the only exit & killed hundreds.
(vii) As this news spread, people started coming onto the streets & attacking govt. buildings.
(viii) Seeing violence spread, Gandhiji called back the movement.
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