write about medieval period, sultanate period and mughal period
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Medieval Period refers to a long period of the Indian subcontinent's history between "ancient period" and "modern period". Definitions of the period itself vary widely, and partly for this reason, many historians now prefer to avoid the term completely.[1]
One definition, used in the rest of this article, includes the period from the 8th century[2] to the 16th century, essentially the same period as the Middle Ages of Europe. It may be divided into two periods: The 'early medieval period' which lasted from the 6th to the 13th century and the 'late medieval period' which lasted from the 13th to the 16th century, ending with the start of the Mughal Empire in 1526. The Mughal era, from the 16th century to the 18th century, is often referred to as the early modern period,[3] but is sometimes also included in the 'late medieval' period.
An alternative definition, often seen in those more recent authors who still use the term at all, brings the start of the medieval period forward, either to about 1,000, or to the 12th century. The end may be pushed back to the 18th century, making the period in effect that between the start of Muslim domination (at least in northern India) and British India. Or the "early medieval" period is begun in the 8th century, ending with the 11th.[4]
The use of "medieval" at all as a term for periods in Indian history has often been objected to, and is probably becoming more rare (there is a similar discussion in terms of the history of China).[5] It is argued that neither the start nor the end of the period really mark fundamental changes in Indian history, comparable to the European equivalents.[6] Burton Stein still used the concept in his A History of India (1998, referring to the period from the Guptas to the Mughals), but most recent authors using it are Indian. Understandably, they often specify the period they cover within their titles.[7] The critic Peter Hardy argues that Muslim historiography on medieval India is often motivated by Islamic apologetics, which tries to justify "the life of medieval Muslims to the modern world".[8]
The Mughal Empire (Persian: گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)[8]; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت, translit. Mughliyah Saltanat)[9][2] or Mogul Empire[10] was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynastywith Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia,[11][12][13] but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances;[14][15] only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry.[16]The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture,[17]combining Persianate culture[10][18] with local Indian cultural influences[17] visible in its traits and customs.[19]
The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu: دہلی سلطنت) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).[5][6] Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[7]the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). The sultanate is noted for being one of the few states to repel an attack by the Mongol Empire,[8] and enthroned one of the few female rulers in Islamic history, Razia Sultana, who reigned from 1236 to 1240.[9]
One definition, used in the rest of this article, includes the period from the 8th century[2] to the 16th century, essentially the same period as the Middle Ages of Europe. It may be divided into two periods: The 'early medieval period' which lasted from the 6th to the 13th century and the 'late medieval period' which lasted from the 13th to the 16th century, ending with the start of the Mughal Empire in 1526. The Mughal era, from the 16th century to the 18th century, is often referred to as the early modern period,[3] but is sometimes also included in the 'late medieval' period.
An alternative definition, often seen in those more recent authors who still use the term at all, brings the start of the medieval period forward, either to about 1,000, or to the 12th century. The end may be pushed back to the 18th century, making the period in effect that between the start of Muslim domination (at least in northern India) and British India. Or the "early medieval" period is begun in the 8th century, ending with the 11th.[4]
The use of "medieval" at all as a term for periods in Indian history has often been objected to, and is probably becoming more rare (there is a similar discussion in terms of the history of China).[5] It is argued that neither the start nor the end of the period really mark fundamental changes in Indian history, comparable to the European equivalents.[6] Burton Stein still used the concept in his A History of India (1998, referring to the period from the Guptas to the Mughals), but most recent authors using it are Indian. Understandably, they often specify the period they cover within their titles.[7] The critic Peter Hardy argues that Muslim historiography on medieval India is often motivated by Islamic apologetics, which tries to justify "the life of medieval Muslims to the modern world".[8]
The Mughal Empire (Persian: گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)[8]; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت, translit. Mughliyah Saltanat)[9][2] or Mogul Empire[10] was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynastywith Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia,[11][12][13] but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances;[14][15] only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry.[16]The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture,[17]combining Persianate culture[10][18] with local Indian cultural influences[17] visible in its traits and customs.[19]
The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu: دہلی سلطنت) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).[5][6] Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[7]the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). The sultanate is noted for being one of the few states to repel an attack by the Mongol Empire,[8] and enthroned one of the few female rulers in Islamic history, Razia Sultana, who reigned from 1236 to 1240.[9]
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Answer: medieval period stretches from 8th century to 18th century.5 dynasties ruled in the sultanate period, namely slave,khalji,tughluqs,sayyid and lodi.
The Mughals ruled from 1526-1761 .The first six Mughals were
Babur,Humayun,Akbar,Jahangir,Shah jahan and Aurangzeb.
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