Write about ‘Nij’ and ‘Ryoti’ cultivation and their problems
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How was indigo cultivated? There were two main systems of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti. Within the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled. He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers.
In the Nij or 'own' system, the planter produced indigo on lands that he directly controlled. In the Ryoti cultivation, the ryots cultivated indigo on their own lands as part of a contract with the planters. A painting of an Indigo factory. The planters gained land rights in a number of ways.
Explanation:
The problems of Nij:
Under nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled. The problems with Nij cultivation are explained below: (i) The planters found it difficult to expand the area under nij cultivation. Indigo could be cultivated only on fertile lands and these were already densely populated.
The problems of Ryoti:
A large plantation required a vast number of hands to operate. And labour was needed precisely at a time when peasants were usually busy with their rice cultivation. (iii) Ryoti cultivation on a large scale also required many ploughs and bullocks. Investing on purchase and maintenance of ploughs was a big problem.
THE PLANTERS FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO EXPAND THE AREA UNDER NIJ CULTIVATION.
INDIGO COULD BE CULTIVATED ONLY ON FERTILE LANDS AND THESE WERE ALREADY DENSELY POPULATED . ...
LABOUR FORCE WAS NOT EASILY AVAILAIBLE . ...
NIJ CULTIVATION ON A LARGE SCALE ALSO REQUIRED MANY PLOUGHS AND BULLOCKS.