Write about note of reproduction and 3 example of each
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Answers
Reproduction with examples
Reproduction of cells is the process by which new cells are created from existing cells. Reproduction happens in all living organisms. There are mainly two ways of reproduction. Sexual and Asexual methods.
Sexual reproduction involves merging of male gametes with female gametes fertilizing the egg. This involves penetration of male organs into female sexual organs. Animals and human beings in general adopt this method. In this process genes from both parents are used in the creation of the offspring. So the offspring usually does not exactly look like the parents. Also the offspring has a better chance of survival against diseases and environmental adversities. It is better for the survival of the species.
Asexual reproduction involves no penetration of male organs into female organs. There are multiple methods of asexual reproduction. In this process only one single organism (cell) can reproduce. So the new organism created looks like an exact copy of the parent. This method is adopted by some animals, plants and organisms like bacteria. There are multiple methods by which asexual reproduction happens. These are Binary Fission, Spores (sporogenesis), Vegetative reproduction, and Fragmentation.
In Binary Fission, a parent cell divides itself into two identical daughter cells copying its DNA into both. Binary Fission is used by single celled organisms like bacteria.
In Fragmentation method new organism grows from a part of the parent organism into a full organism. The offspring grows from the fragment. Multiple fragmentation happens. Lichens, liverworts fragment. It is used by many worms like blackworms or mud worms. Some worms have both male and female reproductive parts too. They have capability of sexual reproduction too.
Budding process is adopted by Hydras (underwater organisms), many plants and yeast. In this, the parent cell divides into cells. The daughter cell is much smaller than the parent cell after separation
Plants usually reproduce by vegetative propagation or reproduction. Strawberries grow runners from parent plant which later separate into another plant. New cells, tissues and organs can be regenerated from a specific part of a plant. Root plants grow by this vegetative reproduction.
Many plants reproduce by pollination. So external pollinators like bees are required for those plants to multiply. Pollination is sexual reproduction. Seeds are formed. There are so many examples of these like Sunflowers.
When Vertebrate animals use asexual reproduction, it is called parthenogenesis. Copperhead snakes have capability to reproduce asexually and sexually too. They use parthenogenesis also. This process is used by insects, sharks, birds and reptiles.
In Sporogenesis reproductive cells (spores) are produced. They are like seeds. One difference is that seeds are produced sexually by fertilization. Spores are asexually produced for later growth. They rely on wind, animals and insects to spread them. Fern plant grows from spores.
Onions use both sexual and asexual reproduction methods.
In general asexual reproduction implies very rapid multiplication of the population as compared to sexual reproduction.