write about the main features of India constitution
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The bulkiest constitution of the world. Rigidity and flexibility. ...Parliamentary system of government. ...Federal system with a unitary bias. ...Fundamental rights and fundamental duties. ...Directive principles of state policy. ...Secularism.
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The Constitution of India is a unique constitution. It is the largest written liberal democratic constitution of the world. It provides for a mixture of federalism and Unitarianism, and flexibility and with rigidity. Since its inauguration on 26th January 1950, the Constitution India has been successfully guiding the path and progress of India.
The salient features of the Constitution of India can be discussed as follows:
(1) Written and Detailed Constitution:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
The Constitution is a wholly written document which incorporates the constitutional law of India. It was fully debated and duly enacted by the Constitution Assembly of India. It took the Assembly 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to write and enact the Constitution.
Indian Constitution is a very detailed constitution. It consists of 395 Articles divided into 22 Parts with 12 Schedules and 94 constitutional amendments.
(3) Preamble of the Constitution:
The Preamble to the Constitution of India is a well drafted document which states the philosophy of the constitution. It declares India to be a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and a welfare state committed to secure justice, liberty and equality for the people and for promoting fraternity, dignity
(5) India is a Secular State:
Further, Indian secularism guarantees equal freedom to all religions. The Constitution grants the Right to Religious Freedom to all the citizens.
(6) India is a Democratic State:
The Constitution of India provides for a democratic system. The authority of the government rests upon the sovereignty of the people.
(7) India is a Republic:
The Preamble declares India to be a Republic. India is not ruled by a monarch or a nominated head of state. India has an elected head of state (President of India) who wields power for a fixed term of 5 years. After every 5 years, the people of India indirectly elect their President.
(8) India is a Union of States:
Article I of the Constitution declares, that “India that is Bharat is a Union of States.” The term ‘Union of State’ shows two important facts:
(i) That Indian Union is not the result of voluntary agreement among sovereign states, and
(ii) that states of India do not enjoy the right to secede from the Union. Indian Union has now 28 States and 7 Union Territories.
(9) Mixture of Federalism and Unitarianism:
While describing India as a Union of States, the Constitution provides for a federal structure with a unitary spirit. Scholars describe India as a ‘Quasi-Federation’ (K.C. Wheare) or as ‘a federation with a unitary bias, or even as ‘a Unitarian federation.’
Like a federation, the Constitution of India provides for:
(i) A division of powers between the centre and states,
(ii) A written, rigid and supreme constitution,
(iii) Independent judiciary with the power to decide centre-state disputes and
(iv) Dual administration i.e. central and state administrations.
Some of its provisions can be amended in a difficult way while others can be amended very easily.
Article 368, of the Constitution provides for two special methods of amendment:
The salient features of the Constitution of India can be discussed as follows:
(1) Written and Detailed Constitution:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
The Constitution is a wholly written document which incorporates the constitutional law of India. It was fully debated and duly enacted by the Constitution Assembly of India. It took the Assembly 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to write and enact the Constitution.
Indian Constitution is a very detailed constitution. It consists of 395 Articles divided into 22 Parts with 12 Schedules and 94 constitutional amendments.
(3) Preamble of the Constitution:
The Preamble to the Constitution of India is a well drafted document which states the philosophy of the constitution. It declares India to be a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and a welfare state committed to secure justice, liberty and equality for the people and for promoting fraternity, dignity
(5) India is a Secular State:
Further, Indian secularism guarantees equal freedom to all religions. The Constitution grants the Right to Religious Freedom to all the citizens.
(6) India is a Democratic State:
The Constitution of India provides for a democratic system. The authority of the government rests upon the sovereignty of the people.
(7) India is a Republic:
The Preamble declares India to be a Republic. India is not ruled by a monarch or a nominated head of state. India has an elected head of state (President of India) who wields power for a fixed term of 5 years. After every 5 years, the people of India indirectly elect their President.
(8) India is a Union of States:
Article I of the Constitution declares, that “India that is Bharat is a Union of States.” The term ‘Union of State’ shows two important facts:
(i) That Indian Union is not the result of voluntary agreement among sovereign states, and
(ii) that states of India do not enjoy the right to secede from the Union. Indian Union has now 28 States and 7 Union Territories.
(9) Mixture of Federalism and Unitarianism:
While describing India as a Union of States, the Constitution provides for a federal structure with a unitary spirit. Scholars describe India as a ‘Quasi-Federation’ (K.C. Wheare) or as ‘a federation with a unitary bias, or even as ‘a Unitarian federation.’
Like a federation, the Constitution of India provides for:
(i) A division of powers between the centre and states,
(ii) A written, rigid and supreme constitution,
(iii) Independent judiciary with the power to decide centre-state disputes and
(iv) Dual administration i.e. central and state administrations.
Some of its provisions can be amended in a difficult way while others can be amended very easily.
Article 368, of the Constitution provides for two special methods of amendment:
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