Question

write about the nephron and it's parts​

Answer 1

Answer:

The nephron (from Greek νεφρός – nephros, meaning "kidney") is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule extends from the capsule. The capsule and tubule are connected and are composed of epithelial cells with a lumen. A healthy adult has 0.8 to 1.5 million nephrons in each kidney. Blood is filtered as it passes through three layers: the endothelial cells of the capillary wall, its basement membrane, and between the foot processes of the podocytes of the lining of the capsule. The tubule has adjacent peritubular capillaries that run between the descending and ascending portions of the tubule. As the fluid from the capsule flows down into the tubule, it is processed by the epithelial cells lining the tubule: water is reabsorbed and substances are exchanged (some are added, others are removed); first with the interstitial fluid outside the tubules, and then into the plasma in the adjacent peritubular capillaries through the endothelial cells lining that capillary. This process regulates the volume of body fluid as well as levels of many body substances. At the end of the tubule, the remaining fluid—urine—exits: it is composed of water, metabolic waste, and toxins.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Nephron :

• Nephron or uriniferous tubule is the structural and functional unit of kidney. Each nephron consists of two parts, namely, the glomerulus and the renal tubule.

Glomerulus :

It is a tuft of capillaries formed by the branching of afferent arteriole which is a fine branch of renal artery. Glomerular capillaries join to form a efferent arteriole.

Renal tubule :

It begins with Bowman's capsule which encloses glomerulus and includes PCT, loop of Henle and DCT.

Bowman's capsule :

It is blind double walled cup shaped structure. The two walls of Bowman's capsule are the inner visceral and outer parietal wall. Both are single-layered and are supported by basement membrane.

1. Visceral layer (inner wall) : It consists of flat squamous epithelial cells on the periphery and specialised podocytes in the remaining part. A podocyte has a number of interdigited evaginations called pedicels or feet. The pedicels rest over the basement membrane. They enclose slit pores or filtration slits.
2. Parietal layer (outer wall) : It consists of flat squamous epithelium. The space between the two layers of Bowman's capsule is called lumen orcapsule space.