Question

write about the powers and function president of india.​

Answer 1

Answer:

The president is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The president can declare war or conclude peace, on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the president's name.

Answer 2

Answer:

Executive Powers of President

1. For every executive action that the Indian government takes, is to be taken in his name
2. He may/may not make rules to simplify the transaction of business of the central government
3. He appoints the attorney general of India and determines his remuneration
4. He appoints the following people:

• Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
• Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners
• Chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission
• State Governors
• Finance Commission of India chairman and members

1. He appoints inter-state council
2. He appoints administrators of union territories
3. He can declare any area as a scheduled area and has powers with respect to the administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas
4. Scheduled Castes (Read about National Commission for Scheduled Castes in the linked article.)
5. Scheduled Tribes Read about (National Commission for Scheduled Tribes in the linked article.)
6. Other Backward Classes (Read about National Commission for Backward Classes in the linked article.)

Legislative Powers of President

1. He summons or prorogues Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha
2. He summons a joint sitting of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in case of deadlock
3. He addresses the Indian Parliament at the commencement of the first session after every general election
4. He appoints speaker, deputy speaker of Lok Sabha, and chairman/deputy chairman of Rajya Sabha when the seats fall vacant (to know the difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha check the linked article.)
5. He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha
6. He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian Community
7. He consults the Election Commission of India on questions of disqualifications of MPs.
8. He recommends/ permits the introduction of certain types of bills (to read on how a bill is passed in the Indian Parliament, check the linked article.)
9. He promulgates ordinances
10. He lays the following reports before the Parliament:

• Comptroller and Auditor General
• Union Public Service Commission
• Finance Commission, etc.

Financial Powers of President

• To introduce the money bill, his prior recommendation is a must
• He causes Union Budget to be laid before the Parliament
• To make a demand for grants, his recommendation is a pre-requisite
• Contingency Fund of India is under his control
• He constitutes the Finance Commission every five years

Judicial Powers of President

1. Appointment of Chief Justice and Supreme Court/High Court Judges are on him
2. He takes advice from the Supreme Court, however, the advice is not binding on him
3. He has pardoning power: Under article 72, he has been conferred with power to grant pardon against punishment for an offence against union law, punishment by a martial court, or death sentence.

Note: Pardoning powers of the president includes the following types:

• Pardon with the grant of pardon convicts both conviction and sentence completely absolved
• Commutation  with this nature of the punishment of the convict can be changed
• Remission reduces the term of the imprisonment
• Respite  awards lesser punishment than original punishment by looking at the special condition of a convict
• Reprieve stays the execution of the awarded sentence for a temporary period

Diplomatic Powers of President

• International Treaties and agreements that are approved by the Parliament are negotiated and concluded in his name
• He is the representative of India in international forums and affairs

Military Powers of President

He is the commander of the defence forces of India. He appoints:  

• Chief of the Army
• Chief of the Navy
• Chief of the Air Force

Emergency Powers of President

He deals with three types of emergencies given in the Indian Constitution:  

• National Emergency (Article 352)
• President’s Rule (Article 356 & 365)
• Financial Emergency (Article 360)

Hope it helps!