Write about the South Africa discrimination?
Answers
Answer:
The region that would go on to form modern-day South Africa was located in a strategically advantageous position for European merchants who were seeking to conduct trade in the East Indies. In 1652, the Dutch East India Company founded the Cape Colony at the Cape of Good Hope. The primary reason for establish a colony was to ensure that Dutch ships sailing to and from Batavia would have a source of fresh provisions, as death by starvation claimed a high proportion of the passengers. During the period of Dutch rule, Dutch settlers (eventually known as Boers) began to migrate to the colony, establishing settlements throughout the region.[1][2]
The region attracted Dutch slave traders who imported slaves for wheat farming and viticulture to serve the various Dutch settlements. Many slaves escaped their masters by fleeing inland and joined existing groups such as the Xhosa or formed groups that were headed by warlords such as those of Bloem, Kok and Barends families. By the late 18th century, Arabs and European merchants traded beads, brass, cloth, alcohol and firearms in return for slaves, ivory, gold, wax, cattle and skins. The profits from these trade ncouraged the warlords to hunt elephants and slaves by raiding the local communities such as Rolong, Tlhaping, Huruthshe and Ngwaketse. During the Difaqane, the Zulu under Shaka overran many smaller tribes and enslaved them.[1]
Many Indians were brought to the colony as slaves. The practice of importing slaves from India stretches back to the 1600s when the Dutch bought non-Muslim slaves from various kingdoms of India who were ruled by Muslims. By the early part of the 18th century, 80% of the slaves were South Asians who were not just from the Indian subcontinent, but also those South Asians who were living in South-East Asian regions such as Java. A slave-trading station was established in Delagoa Bay (present-day Maputo) in 1721, but was abandoned in 1731. Between 1731 and 1765 many Madagascan slaves were bought from Madagascar.[2]
The Dutch colonial law defined slaves as property that could be traded, bought and sold, a form of slavery known as 'chattel slavery'. There are many examples of racism and discriminatory practices during the colonial period such as whipping, starvation, being forced to work for long hours, laborers having to carry passes, being subject to high taxation, not being able to walk on the sidewalks, banned from living, entering or working in certain areas such as the Orange Free State.[2] Other examples include allocation of rations during the Siege of Ladysmith.
Explanation:
Journal Information
Pakistan Horizon is the flagship quarterly journal of the Institute. It is the oldest journal on International Relations in South Asia. Pakistan Horizon aims to combine rigorous analysis with a helpful approach to international issues. It features articles related to Pakistan’s foreign policy, regional and global issues, women’s concerns in international relations, IR theory, terrorism and security studies and emerging environmental concerns.
Publisher Information
The Pakistan Institute of International Affairs (PIIA) is a non-official, non-party, and non-profit making body. It seeks to encourage and facilitate the understanding of international affairs and to promote the scientific study of international politics, economics and jurisprudence.
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