Write about them briefly in your own
words.
(1) Krishnadevaraya
(2) Chandbibi
(3) Rani Durgavati
Answers
Answer:
1) Krishnadevaraya :- Krishnadevaraya was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire who reigned from 1509–1529. He was the third ruler of the Tuluva Dynasty and is considered to be its greatest ruler. He possessed the largest empire in India after the decline of the Delhi Sultanate.
2) Chandbibi:- Sultana Chand Bibi, was an Indian Muslim regent and warrior. She acted as the Regent of Bijapur and Regent of Ahmednagar. Chand Bibi is best known for defending Ahmednagar against the Mughal forces of Emperor Akbar in 1595.
3) Rani Durgavati:- Rani Durgavati was the ruling Queen of Gondwana from 1550 until 1564. She was born in the family of Chandel king Keerat Rai. She was born at the fort of Kalinjar. Rani Durgavati's achievements further enhanced the glory of her ancestral tradition of courage and patronage. Hope it helps! Mark me as brainliest plz
Answer:
1). Krishnadevaraya was undoubtedly the greatest of the Vijayanagar rulers. As it has been rightly observed that his “life was a series of efforts to restore to the State its lost power and prestige, and assure it a permanent peace.
He proved more than a match for the contemporary powers of the Deccan and South India, and recovered most of the lost territories of the empire.
As a warrior, a statesman and a scholar, he excelled all the other rulers of his time in India”. He was a great general who won all the battles he fought. It was not only by his military prowess alone that he was successful in planting the boar- standard on the citadels of Cuttack, Bidar, Gulbarga and Bijapur but his organisational skill and tactical moves paid dividends.
The Telugu scholars produced original literature instead of mere adaptations from Sanskrit works. He extended his patronage to scholars in various languages particularly Telugu, Kannada and Tamil.
His court was adorned with eight celebrated Telugu poets who were known as the ashta-diggajas or “the elephants supporting the eight cardinal points of the literary world”. He created a tradition of patronage of Telugu scholars which was followed by all his successors and helped in the promotion of literature in those languges. Thus, he made an everlasting contribution in the realm of Telugu language and literature.
2).Chand Bibi, a contemporary of Emperor Akbar, is a historical figure and well known as the heroic defender of Ahmadnagar. She was daughter of Nizam-ul-Mulk, Hussain Nizam Shah of Bahamin Sultanate of South India and Khunza Humayun. Chand Bibi was married to Ali Adil Shahi, the ruler of Ahmadabad. She was a sublime woman having characteristics of bravery, political expediency, modesty and generosity. When her husband died without issue, she became the regent of her husband’s nephew Ibrahim Adil Shah II and the real power behind the throne in 1580. She appointed Ikhalas Khan as minister to counter the threat of Iranian nobles but he proved disloyal.
She had to counter intrigues within the court and Mughals on the borders. In 1597, Akbar urged the kingdom of Ahmadnagar for fealty that was refused. Thereupon he decided to attack Ahmadnagar. Khan Khanan in Malwa as well as Sultan Murad (Son of Akbar) in Gujarat were asked to proceed towards Ahmadnagar. The imperial troops reached Ahmadnagar and laid siege of the fort. As for Chand Bibi it was a question of saving the whole Deccan from Mughals, she requested the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to send contingents. Secret information enabled the defenders to remove the charges by counter mining and render the mines harmless. One, however, remained intact and this, when exploded, killed many of garrison and destroyed fifty yards of the curtain between the two armies, but the breach was so gallantly defended by Chand Bibi in person that the assailants were repulsed and night permitted the defenders to repair the damage. Again after a severe fight, the Mughals were repulsed and Murad was compelled to negotiate truce. It was the first time that Ahmadnagar was recognized by the Mughals out of the five states of Deccan. Accordingly, Birar was to be retained with the Mughals and Ahmadnagar would rule independently.
Due to this highly gallant and heroic defence, now Chand Bibi came to be known as Chand Sultana. But some time later, once again the opponents of Chand Bibi made approach to Prince Daniel, the third son of emperor Akbar, who attacked Ahmadnagar with 30,000 men, and a terrible fight took place in the plain of Sonipat near the bank of Godawari river. The Mughals succeeded to turn the troops of Chand Bibi and had a siege over Ahmadnagar in 1599. This time, Emperor Akbar himself rushed to Deccan and pitched his tents outside the city. Chand Bibi desperately resisted the Mughal attacks with such courage that the invaders were repelled at many repeatedly. However, Hamid Khan traitorously allowed the Mughal force to enter Ahmadnagar. There is not much information about the end of Chand Bibi. One version is that Hamid Khan entered the palace to kill her while another is that she committed suicide. And yet another is that after fighting so courageously she gave her life, and thus, Ahmadnagar was captured by the Mughals.
3).Once Gonds become powerful, they entered into matrimonial alliances with the Chandelas and other Rajput clans. The gond Queen Durgavati was a Chandela princess who married a gond prince, Dalpatshah. When Dalpatshah died in 1550 CE as her son was too young, Durgavati rule the garha- Mandla Kingdom on his behalf. In 1562 CE, Akbar defeated in the annexed Malwa. Malwa had been a buffer state between the might of the Mughal Empire and Durgavati's kingdom. The Mughals now turned might against graha Mandla. In 1556 CE, Rani Durgavati died in the battle defending her Kingdom against the Mughals.