Write& explained four types of diseases
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There are 4 main types of diseases as listed below:
Infectious diseases
Hereditary diseases
Deficiency diseases
Physiological diseases
Infectious Diseases
These are the diseases caused by microorganisms such as fungi, virus, bacteria, protozoans or parasites. Microbes are usually found on our body but under unfavourable conditions may turn harmful. They can be communicated – from person to person, through insect bites or animals, from mother to fetus, ingestion of contaminated water or food, or exposure to infected air. Depending upon the infections, the symptoms vary. However, some commonly occurring symptoms are – Fever, fatigue, headache, cold, cough, vomiting etc. While some can be treated with home remedies and over-the-counter drugs, few other severe diseases require the attention of a doctor who prescribes vaccines and antibiotics.
Hereditary Diseases
They are caused by an irregularity in the genetic makeup of an individual, the abnormality can range from miniature up till major. It could be a distinct mutation in a particular base of the DNA of a single gene to a deformity of the whole chromosome which would involve the inclusion or exclusion of a set of chromosomes or the whole chromosome. Few of the genetic ailments are passed by the parents(in case they possess), while other genetic disorders can be acquired due to variations in the already existing gene or pool of genes. These mutations could be due to environmental exposure or may occur randomly. Examples of hereditary diseases are:
Cystic Fibrosis
Haemophilia
Thalassemia
Down’s syndrome
Huntington’s disease
Deficiency Disease
These are diseases caused due to insufficient supply of dietary elements, precisely, vitamins and minerals. The food we consume needs to have a good balance of all the nutrients. However, the modern diet lacks nutrients, causing deficiencies in the body. These deficiencies can be caused due to a lack of the following essential nutrients:
Calcium deficiency
Iodine deficiency
Iron deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency
Magnesium deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency
Physiological Diseases
It is a disorder of the function of tissues or structure of organs and tissues. It is a condition where organs of the body breakdown, causing illness in the body. These diseases are caused when the normal functioning of the body is affected because of the inability of the organs to perform their functions or alteration in the cellular structures of the body over a period of time. Examples of these diseases are – Haemochromatosis, iron deficiency anaemia etc....
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