Write an article about Corona paramedic
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Pandemics are a rare and stressful time for health care providers with overwhelming caseloads, rapidly evolving information, and competing priorities of self-protection, while maintaining a high level of patient care. The goal of this article is to provide paramedics with the necessary information to support their clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Two previous coronaviruses caused international responses; the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012.1 The current coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a public health emergency and global pandemic. While the terms are often used interchangeably, SARS-CoV-2 refers to the virus, and COVID-19 refers to the illness. For simplicity, we will use the term COVID-19 for both.
TRANSMISSION
COVID-19 is highly contagious, resulting in exponential growth in the number of patients. The reproduction number (R0), the number of individuals who can be infected by one patient, is between 2.2 and 3.6,2,3 considerably higher than seasonal influenza (R0 0.9–2.1).1
Initially, it was thought it was only transmitted through droplets produced when an infected person coughed or sneezed.1,2 COVID-19 is believed to be transmitted through droplets (> 5–10 μm diameter) entering the body by means of the airway and mucous membranes, not though airborne particles (< 5 μm diameter).1,2 However, there is a growing body of evidence that community spread is occurring, even from asymptomatic individuals.1,4,5
PRESENTATION
The incubation period for COVID-19 is between 1 and 14 days (average, 5 days).6 The majority of adults experience mild symptoms, with only 15% experiencing severe symptoms and 5% becoming critically ill.4,7 Elderly patients and those with comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease, are more likely to experience severe cases and death.4 Fortunately, as in adults, the majority of pediatric patients present with mild or moderate symptoms, with only 6% classified as severe or critical.8
The symptoms of COVID-19 are diverse for both adults and children, and patients do not always present with classic respiratory symptoms (Table 1).9 One study found that up to 55% of adults were afebrile upon presentation to hospital.7