write an article in about 100-120 wards for a leading magazine on how pollution is responsible for turning rivers into dirty drains and what steps should be taken to restore the rivers?
Answers
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India is a blessed country when we consider its rich natural sources of water in the form of numerous rivers and lakes. The country has rightly been referred to as the “Land of Rivers” and the people worship the rivers as gods and goddesses. But what is ironical is that in spite of our profound respect and reverence for our rivers, we have not been able to maintain their purity, cleanliness and the physical well-being. Be it Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra or Kaveri or any other river flowing in the soil of our motherland, not a single river is free from pollution. River pollution has been causing serious water-borne diseases and health problems affecting human population as well as animals, fish, and birds in the environment.
Causes of river pollution
River pollution is increasing day by day. In spite of various governmental projects going on in many rivers, there is no sign of water pollution being prevented or stopped. Whom do we blame? Lots of factors lead to water pollution and reducing overall quality of river water. Some of the most serious contributing factors are:
Industrial wastes, mixtures of chemicals, heavy metals are all discharged in water and these are difficult to clean up.
Agricultural wastes, chemicals, feritilisers, pesticides used in agriculture have made the river water bodies contaminated.
Nature’s rain also brings with it pollutants as it falls through polluted air. We call this acid rain, which when reached the soil, releases harmful substances.
Domestic wastes from households and the sewage that we throw into rivers increases the pollution levels.
Regular disposal of plastic bags and plastic objects, solid wastes, flowers, garlands is another cause of pollution.
People responding to nature’s call in open spaces near the water bodies also contribute to river pollution.
Animals washing, car washing, clothes washing are other causes.
Another cause of river pollution is the dumping of human remains, partially burned bodies, dead bodies, which pose serious health threats.
Some hard facts about river pollution
Surveys undertaken by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) have come up with some hard facts on river pollution, in terms of statistical figures, which makes it a matter of really serious concern:
Out of the 445 rivers surveyed, not even a quarter of them are fit for bathing.
Indian cities generate 10 billion gallons or 38 billion litres of municipal waste water every day, out of which only 29% of it is treated.
The Central Pollution Control Board also stated that there were only 160 sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants in nearly 8,000 towns surveyed in 2011.
Only 20% out of nearly 40,000 million litres of sewage produced daily in Indian cities are treated.
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Answer:
Nature's rain also brings with it pollutants as it falls through polluted air. We call this acid rain, which when reached the soil, releases harmful substances. Domestic wastes from households and the sewage that we throw into rivers increases the pollution levels.
As technology improves, scientists are able to detect more pollutants, and at smaller concentrations, in Earth’s freshwater bodies. Containing traces of contaminants ranging from birth control pills and sunscreen to pesticides and petroleum, our planet's lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater are often a chemical cocktail.
Beyond synthetic pollution, freshwater is also the end point for biological waste, in the form of human sewage, animal excrement, and rainwater runoff flavored by nutrient-rich fertilizers from yards and farms. These nutrients find their way through river systems into seas, sometimes creating coastal ocean zones void of oxygen—and therefore aquatic life—and making the connection between land and sea painfully obvious. When you dump paint down the drain, it often ends up in the ocean, via freshwater systems.
In the developed world, regulation has restricted industry and agricultural operations from pouring pollutants into lakes, streams, and rivers. Technology has also offered a solution in the form of expensive filtration and treatment plants that make our drinking water safe to consume. Some cities are even promoting "green" infrastructure, such as green roofs and rain gardens, as a way to naturally filter out pollutants. But you may find a different picture in parts of the developing world, where there is less infrastructure—politically, economically, and technically—to deal with the barrage of pollution threats facing freshwater and all of the species that rely on it.
Fast Facts
❤ In developing countries, 70 percent of industrial wastes are dumped untreated into waters, polluting the usable water supply.
❤ On average, 99 million pounds (45 million kilograms) of fertilizers and chemicals are used each year.
❤ Portland, Oregon, is actively pursing “green roofs” and “green streets” to prevent sewer overflows into the Willamette River. Chicago, Illinois, now has more than 517,000 acres (209,222 hectares) of vegetated roofs—more than any other U.S. city—which are helping to catch storm water, cool the urban environment, and provide opportunities for rooftop gardens.
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