write an article on pollution due to urbanisation.(120-150 words)
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Pollution Increase Due to Rapid Urbanisation and Industrialization
Pollution load on rivers has increased over the years due to rapid urbanisation and industrialization. Abstraction of water for irrigation, drinking, industrial use, power etc. compounds the challenge. Discharge of untreated wastewater from towns along the rivers constitutes the major source of pollution load in rivers. According to a recent report of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), against an estimated sewage generation of about 38254 million litres per day (mld) from the Class I cities & Class II towns of the country, the available treatment capacity is for 11787 mld.
Conservation of rivers is a collective effort of Central and State Governments and the Central Government is supplementing the efforts of the State Governments in river conservation through the Central Plans. Creation of infrastructure for sewage management and disposal is also being undertaken through other Central schemes, such as Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns, as well as under state schemes.
The National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) presently covers 39 rivers in 185 towns in 20 states. Pollution abatement works taken up under the Plan include interception and diversion of raw sewage, setting up of Sewage Treatment Plants etc. A Sewage treatment capacity of 4417 million litres per day (mld) has been created so far under the Plan. Details of funds released state-wise under NRCP till March, 2011 are given at Annexure.
With the pollution abatement works completed so far, despite significant increase in urbanization, industrialization and growth in population in cities along the banks of river, the water quality in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values for major rivers is reported to have improved as compared to the water quality before taking up pollution abatement works under NRCP, based on independent monitoring undertaken by reputed institutions.
The Central Government has constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) in February, 2009 as an empowered authority for conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic approach. A project with World Bank assistance for abatement of pollution of river Ganga at an estimated cost of Rs.7000 crore has been approved in April, 2011.
Pollution load on rivers has increased over the years due to rapid urbanisation and industrialization. Abstraction of water for irrigation, drinking, industrial use, power etc. compounds the challenge. Discharge of untreated wastewater from towns along the rivers constitutes the major source of pollution load in rivers. According to a recent report of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), against an estimated sewage generation of about 38254 million litres per day (mld) from the Class I cities & Class II towns of the country, the available treatment capacity is for 11787 mld.
Conservation of rivers is a collective effort of Central and State Governments and the Central Government is supplementing the efforts of the State Governments in river conservation through the Central Plans. Creation of infrastructure for sewage management and disposal is also being undertaken through other Central schemes, such as Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns, as well as under state schemes.
The National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) presently covers 39 rivers in 185 towns in 20 states. Pollution abatement works taken up under the Plan include interception and diversion of raw sewage, setting up of Sewage Treatment Plants etc. A Sewage treatment capacity of 4417 million litres per day (mld) has been created so far under the Plan. Details of funds released state-wise under NRCP till March, 2011 are given at Annexure.
With the pollution abatement works completed so far, despite significant increase in urbanization, industrialization and growth in population in cities along the banks of river, the water quality in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values for major rivers is reported to have improved as compared to the water quality before taking up pollution abatement works under NRCP, based on independent monitoring undertaken by reputed institutions.
The Central Government has constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) in February, 2009 as an empowered authority for conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic approach. A project with World Bank assistance for abatement of pollution of river Ganga at an estimated cost of Rs.7000 crore has been approved in April, 2011.
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First of all what is pollution ? The addition of waste or undesirable substances in large amounts in the environment around us such that it becomes a suitable and unhealthy for all living beings in the surrounding is known as pollution.
"Pollution Due To Urbanisation"
Due to Rapid industrialization, human activities, and urbanization the quality of air is declining. Automobile fumes are the main source of gaseous pollutants in the cities. Automobiles emits thick smoke that pollute the air and causes respiratory diseases. Carbon dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide are produced due to burning of fuels. Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) are used in refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.. CFCs deplete the ozone layer. Carbon monoxide is produced due to petrol and diesel combustion in automobiles. We can prevent these types of pollution by - prevent deforestation and encourage afforestation, use of alternative fuels like LPG and CNG, in vehicles use solar water heater, etc.
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