Write an article on recent scientific inventions for class 9 . Please answer it fast.
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Answer:
Discovery regarding an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star.
Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz discovered an exoplanet that orbits a solar-type star. And for this discovery, they received Nobel Prize in Physics in 2019.
Important points about the discovery
- An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet that orbits a star beyond our solar system.
- Scientists during discovery used a technique known as the radial velocity method.
- When planets orbits around a star, the star also move in similar, but much smaller, orbit around the centre of mass of the whole system.
- They are instrumental in developing the revolutionary radial velocity technique that is still used to search an exoplanet today.
- If the star moves towards us, its spectrum is blue-shifted and red-shifted correspondingly when it moves away from us.
- By seeing the regular shifts in the spectrum of the star and by measuring the changes in the velocity any sort of periodic effect due to the influence of a companion can be seen.
10. Development of lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries
John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino discovered the development of lithium-ion batteries. For this discovery, they received the Nobel Prize of 2019 in Chemistry.
Important points about the discovery
Lithium-ion batteries are used all over the world to power the portable electrons that we use to communicate, work, study, listen to music and search for knowledge.
- These batteries have also enabled the development of long-range electric cars and the storage of energy from renewable sources like solar and wind power.
- Lithium-ion batteries are made from titanium disulphide which at the molecular level has spaces that can house intercalate lithium ions.
- The anode of the battery is made partially from metallic lithium which has strong derived to release electrons and provide a great potential.
- These types of batteries are lightweight; hardwearing that could be charged hundreds of times before its performance deteriorated.
- The main advantage is that these batteries are not based upon chemical reactions that break down the electrodes but upon the lithium ions flowing back and forth between the anode and cathode.
Blockchain Technology
Blockchain Technology
Blockchain is secure, cryptography-based and distributed across the network. Basically, it is a new data structure and supports cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and the transfer of any data or digital asset. It allows the transfer of digital goods without the need for centralised authorisation of transactions.
Important points about Blockchain technology
- This technology as a public ledger system will record and validates each and every transaction made and so it makes it secure and reliable.
- All the transactions done are authorised by the miners which make transactions immutable and prevents it from the threat of hacking.
- For several transactions, it discards the need of any central authority or third-party.
- It allows the decentralisation of technology.
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