Write an article on the third Layer of COVID-19.
Answers
Answer:
Eight new Member States (Andorra, Jordan, Latvia, Morocco, Portugal, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, and Tunisia) reported cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours.
• The increase of COVID-19 cases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is of great
concern. The WHO Regional Director of the Eastern Mediterranean region
reiterated the need to enhance surveillance and response activities, and share
critical information, as being essential to containing the outbreak and
strengthening health systems. More information can be found here.
• The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is implementing a comprehensive
plan to support country preparedness and containment efforts for COVID-19.
Barbados was one of the first Caribbean countries to acquire test kits and
reagents for COVID-19 detection, and receive training on how to use them. More
information can be found here.
• Real-time training is critical for effective preparedness and response. WHO has
several COVID-19 online resources for health professionals, decision-makers and
the public in multiple languages. Please see the COVID-19 courses on OpenWHO
Answer:
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Explanation:
An acute respiratory infection of unknown origin was first reported in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China (Singhal 2020), called novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (NCIP) (Wang et al. 2020). Later on the pathogen was identified as a novel enveloped RNA ß-coronavirus, through the use of unbiased sequencing (Zahra et al. 2020), which was of similar phylogeny to SARS-CoV (Lai et al. 2020). On January 12, 2020, WHO named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (Lu et al. 2020a, b). On January 30, 2020, WHO announced this virus as a global pandemic (Zhang et al. 2020). On February 11, 2020, WHO named the novel disease as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) named this virus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Gorbalenya et al. 2020).
The SARS-CoV-2 can affect the respiratory tract including nose, mouth, throat, sinuses and lungs (Wölfel et al. 2020). Human-to-human and human-to-animal transmissions have been presumed for this virus (Graham and Baric 2010). Respiratory droplets of the infected person are the most likely tools of transmission. These droplets carry the virus into the air and can enter into a host body through nose and mouth. The virus causes inflammation in lungs which damage the pulmonary cells by initiating an inflammatory reaction. Vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue and high fever may develop with severe inflammation (Dong et al. 2020). Inflammatory fluid produced as a result of inflammation fill the lungs, resulting in coughing and difficulty in breathing by reducing the function of alveoli. The oxygen level in the blood may drop while other organs such as kidneys or the heart might be affected in severe cases (Geier and Geier 2020; Inciardi et al. 2020).
The origin of this infection was Wuhan city from where it spreads to the rest of the world (Lu et al. 2020a, b). This disease has pretended a significant threat to the health and economy of the world. Thousands of people have already been died from this infection while millions are still facing the illness. According to WHO, till 16th of May, 2020 around 4.62 million active cases and more than 0.3 million deaths have been reported due to COVID-19 worldwide. The current reports suggest that the vast majority of deaths from the virus were of people who were suffering from other health issues like kidney problems, heart problems and diabetes etc. (Li et al. 2020; Palmer 2020; Richardson et al. 2020). COVID-19 is the second largest pandemic of the twenty-first century and has led to the largest quarantine in human history after the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (Zowalaty and Järhult 2020). Bustling cities have turned into ghost towns, public squares, where communities were converging for centuries are almost empty, and millions of people are under lockdown all over the world.
The quarantine imposed due to COVID-19 is unprecedented in human history as all the markets are shutdown, places of worships are closed, public gathering is banned, travel restrictions have been imposed, construction work halted and economy as well as stock exchange crashed worldwide. But from climate perspective the coronavirus pandemic brings about many positive aspects which the world is witnessing during the lockdown. Drastic quarantine measures implemented by the government authorities across the world resulted in a significant change in environment which is a good sign for the deadly global environmental crises, e.g. emission of greenhouse gases and ozone layer depletion. In this review we have highlighted some positive aspects of COVID-19-induced lockdown on the environment and suggested some strategies to prevent reversion of air and water pollution.