Question

write an article on water dispute

Answer 1

The Interstate River Water Disputes Act, 1956(IRWD Act) is an Act of the Parliament of Indiaenacted under Article 262 of Constitution of India on the eve of reorganization of states on linguistic basis to resolve the water disputes that would arise in the use, control and distribution of an interstate river[1] or river valley.[2]  Article 262 of the Indian Constitutionprovides a role for the Central government in adjudicating conflicts surrounding inter-state rivers that arise among the state/regional governments.[3]  This Act further has undergone amendments subsequently and its most recent amendment took place in the year 2002.

River waters use / harnessing is included in states jurisdiction (entry 17 of state list, Schedule 7 of Indian Constitution). However, union government can make laws on regulation and development of inter-State rivers and river valleys when expedient in the public interest (entry 56 of union list, Schedule 7 of Indian Constitution). When public interest is served, President may also establish an interstate council as per Article 263 to inquire and recommend on the dispute that has arisen between the states of India. IRWD Act (section 2c2) validates the previous agreements (if any) among the basin states to harness water of an interstate river/ river valley.

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Answer 2

Rivers, often regarded as the lifeline of India, are its national assets. Geography has blessed India with a very large number of rivers. The country has substantial water resources but their distribution over the land is uneven. Such uneven distribution is a result of the large variation in a seasonal and regional distribution of the rainfall. Most of the rainfall occurs in the summer monsoon months, the precipitation during the remainder of the year being insignificant. The large areas of India are relatively arid, mechanisms for allocating scarce water is critically important to the welfare of the country’s citizens.

Because India is a federal democracy, and because rivers cross state boundaries, constructing efficient and equitable mechanisms for allocating river flows has long been an important legal and constitutional issue. And as rivers cross states, disputes are inevitable. Numerous inter-state river-water disputes have erupted since independence.