write an essay about bose Einstein condensate class 9
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Explanation:
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, − 273.15 °C, or − 459.67 °F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a near-macroscopic scale.
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. A Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter occurring after gas atoms with very low density are chilled to very near absolute zero and bunch up to form an extremely dense quantum state.An important effect, that can observed in Bose Einstein Condensates, is quantum mechanical tunneling. It means that a small fraction of the condensate can overcome a barrier that could not be overcome by a classical particle. A fraction of the condensate "tunnels" through this barrier.Bose-Einstein condensation is an exotic quantum phenomenon that was observed in dilute atomic gases for the first time in 1995, and is now the subject of intense theoretical and experimental study. This Bose condensate, and the process of condensation itself, was predicted to have many unusual properties and for years experimenters have tried to produce Bose-Einstein condensation in the laboratory. Finally in 1995 groups at JILA, a laboratory run by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and theUniversity of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) obtained compelling evidence for Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases.A Bose-Einstein condensate is a sample of coherent atomic matter and is thus a good starting point for an atom laser. The process of condensing atoms into the ground state of a magnetic trap is analogous to stimulated emission into a single mode of an optical laser and one can think of the trap as a resonator with “magnetic mirrors”. An important feature of a laser is an output coupler to extract a fraction of the coherent field in a controlled way, and at MIT we recently demonstrated such a device for a trapped Bose gas.Bose-Einstein condensation has not only provided us with a novel form of quantum matter, but also a unique source of ultracold atoms. It is always exciting when subfields of physics overlap. Atomic physics has traditionally dealt with individual atoms or interactions between a few atoms. The realization of BEC in dilute atomic gases now allows us to study many-body physics and quantum statistical effects with the precision of atomic physics experiments, and it is exciting to see the rapid progress that is being made in exploring these new quantum gases...