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Explanation:Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born scientist.[4] He worked on theoretical physics.[5] He developed the theory of relativity.[3][6] He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for theoretical physics. His famous equation is {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} (E = energy, m = mass, c = speed of light).
At the beginning of his career, Einstein did not think that Newtonian mechanics was enough to reconcile (bring together) the laws of classical mechanics and the laws of the electromagnetic field. Between 1902–1909 he developed the special theory of relativity to correct that. Einstein also thought that Isaac Newton's idea of gravity was not completely correct. So, he extended his ideas on special relativity to include gravity. In 1916 he published a paper on general relativity with his theory of gravitation.
In 1933, Einstein was visiting the United States. In Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazis came to power. Einstein, being of Jewish ethnicity, did not return to Germany due to the Hitler’s anti-Semitic policies.[7] He lived in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940.[8] On the beginning of World War II, he sent a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt explaining to him that Germany was in the process of making a nuclear weapon; so Einstein recommended that the US should also make one. This led to the Manhattan Project, and the US became the first nation in history to create and use the atomic bomb (not on Germany though but Japan). Einstein and other physicists like Richard Feynman who worked on the Manhattan project later regretted that the bomb was used on Japan.[9]
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Albert Einstein
German-born physicist and founder of the theory of relativity
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Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born scientist.[4] He worked on theoretical physics.[5] He developed the theory of relativity.[3][6] He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for theoretical physics. His famous equation is {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} (E = energy, m = mass, c = speed of light).
Albert Einstein
Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg
Einstein in 1921
Born
14 March 1879
Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire
Died
18 April 1955 (aged 76)
Princeton, New Jersey, United States
Citizenship
Subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg during the German Empire (1879–1896)[note 1]
Stateless (1896–1901)
Citizen of Switzerland (1901–1955)
Austrian subject of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1911–1912)
Subject of the Kingdom of Prussia during the German Empire (1914–1918)[note 1]
German citizen of the Free State of Prussia (Weimar Republic, 1918–1933)
Citizen of the United States (1940–1955)
Education
Federal polytechnic school (1896–1900; B.A., 1900)
University of Zurich (Ph.D., 1905)
Known for
General relativity
Special relativity
Photoelectric effect
E=mc2 (Mass–energy equivalence)
E=hf (Planck–Einstein relation)
Theory of Brownian motion
Einstein field equations
Bose–Einstein statistics
Bose–Einstein condensate
Gravitational wave
Cosmological constant
Unified field theory
EPR paradox
Ensemble interpretation
List of other concepts
Spouse(s)
Mileva Marić
(m. 1903; div. 1919)
Elsa Löwenthal
(m. 1919; died[1][2] 1936)
Children
"Lieserl" Einstein
Hans Albert Einstein
Eduard "Tete" Einstein
Awards
Barnard Medal (1920)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1921)
Matteucci Medal (1921)
ForMemRS (1921)[3]
Copley Medal (1925)[3]
Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926)
Max Planck Medal (1929)
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1942)
Time Person of the Century (1999)
Scientific career
Fields
Physics, philosophy
Institutions
Swiss Patent Office (Bern) (1902–1909)
University of Bern (1908–1909)
University of Zurich (1909–1911)
Charles University in Prague (1911–1912)
ETH Zurich (1912–1914)
Prussian Academy of Sciences (1914–1933)
Humboldt University of Berlin (1914–1933)
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (director, 1917–1933)
German Physical Society (president, 1916–1918)
Leiden University (visits, 1920)
Institute for Advanced Study (1933–1955)
Caltech (visits, 1931–1933)
University of Oxford (visits, 1931–1933)
Thesis
Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions) (1905)
Doctoral advisor
Alfred Kleiner
Other academic advisors
Heinrich Friedrich Weber
Influences
Arthur Schopenhauer
Baruch Spinoza
Bernhard Riemann
David Hume
Ernst Mach
Hendrik Lorentz
Hermann Minkowski
Isaac Newton
James Clerk Maxwell
Michele Besso
Moritz Schlick
Thomas Young
Influenced
Virtually all modern physics
Signature
Albert Einstein signature 1934.svg
Albert Einstein in 1947
At the beginning of his career, Einstein did not think that Newtonian mechanics was enough to reconcile (bring together) the laws of classical mechanics and the laws of the electromagnetic field. Between 1902–1909 he developed the special theory of relativity to correct that. Einstein also thought that Isaac Newton's idea of gravity was not completely correct. So, he extended his ideas on special relativity to include gravity. In 1916 he published a paper on general relativity with his theory of gravitation.
In 1933, Einstein was visiting the United States. In Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazis came to power. Einstein, being of Jewish ethnicity, did not return to Germany due to the Hitler’s anti-Semitic policies.[7] He lived in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940.[8] On the beginning of World War II, he sent a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt explaining to him that Germany was in the process of making a nuclear weapon; so Einstein recommended that the US should also make one. This led to the Manhattan Project, and the US became the first nation in history to create and use the atomic bomb (not on Germany though but Japan). Einstein and other physicists like Richard Feynman who worked on the Manhattan project later regretted that the bomb was used on Japan.[9]
Einstein lived in Princeton and was one of the first members invited to the Institute for Advanced Study, where he worked for the remainder of his life. He is widely considered one of the greatest scientists of all time. His contributions helped lay the foundations for all modern branches of physics, including quantum mechanics and relativity.