Question

Write an essay on -
Collect the information on global environment issues and communicate through appropriate mode​

Answer 1

Answer:

The extreme uncertainty of the methods used to address the disturbed global environment limits the application of traditional scientific methodologies to current problems. The use of computer models, which are inherently untestable but still are the best tools available, illus-trates our dilemma with modern methods.

We use a simple diagram based on two attributes," decisions stakes" and" systems uncertainties," to illustrate a threefold classification of kinds of science. First is the Applied Science reminiscent of Kuhnian puzzle-solving; second is Professional Consultancy; and third is Second Order Science, characteristic of the new sciences of cleanup and survival. For Second Order Science, facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent. Such sciences are important when, paradoxically," hard" policy decisions depend on" soft" scientific inputs.