Write an essay on Internationalism in 700-750 words.
Answers
Explanation:
The nature of internationalism.
When speaking of liberal, democratic and socialist internationalism, what is meant is a specific concept of international relations, of the causes of war and of the means to realize peace and international order, in other words a theory and practice both devoted to realizing international solidarity between peoples, parties, classes, and so on.
Liberal thought singles out the main cause for war in the aristocratic (for the political) and mercantilist (for the economic) structure of states. The introduction of representative governments and the development of international trade are consequently supposed to have quenched the war like inclinations of states. Concerning this, Benjamin Constant wrote: “It is clear that the more the commercial tendency dominates, the more the warlike tendency must weaken”.[1]
On the other hand, democratic thought ascribes wars to the authoritarian character of governments. Peace is the necessary consequence of the establishment of popular sovereignty. Thomas Paine, reflecting on the French Revolution, wrote on this subject: “Monarchic sovereignty, the enemy of mankind and the source of misery, is abolished; and the sovereignty itself is restored to its natural and original place, the Nation. Were this the case throughout Europe, the cause of wars would be taken away”.
For the founders of the national movement, too, nation and humanity are not contradictory but complementary terms. For example, the Giovine Europa, established by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1834, is juxtaposed to the old Europe of the Holy Alliance, of conservatism, of privilege, of division and discord. The new Europe, born of the emancipation of nations, marked the beginning of a new historical phase during which human solidarity and the brotherhood of peoples was to develop, virtues that would allow all European peoples to collaborate in the progress of all mankind. “All collective work”, wrote Mazzini, “requires a division of work. The existence of nations is the consequence of this necessity. Every nation has a mission, a special office in collective work, a special aptitude for carrying out the office: this is its mark, its christening, its legitimacy. Every nation is a worker for humanity, it works for it, so that the common end is reached for the benefit of everyone: if the office is betrayed and distorted into selfishness, it declines and inevitably undergoes expiation, longer or shorter according to the degree of guilt”.[3]
Finally, socialist thought, developing these analyses, found in capitalism the ultimate cause for wars and linked the abolition of private ownership of the means of production to the social transformation which, by allowing the antagonism between classes to be overcome, was supposed to eliminate imperialism and wars. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels thus wrote in The Communist Manifesto, recalling the liberal concept: “National differences and antagonisms between peoples are daily more and more vanishing, owing to the development of the bourgeoisie, to freedom of commerce, to the world market, to uniformity in the mode of production and in the conditions of life corresponding thereto”. And they continued: “The supremacy of the proletariat will cause them to vanish still faster. United action, of the leading civilized countries at least, is one of the first conditions for the emancipation of the proletariat. In proportion as the exploitation of one individual by another is put an end to, the exploitation of one nation by another will also be put an end to. In proportion as the antagonism between classes within the nation vanishes, the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end”.[4]
In conclusion, it can be affirmed that, when the liberal, democratic, nationalist and socialist theorists thought of the future of international relations, they imagined that the peoples, after becoming masters of their own destiny, thanks to their liberation from monarchic and aristocratic rule or from bourgeois and capitalist rule, would no longer have any reasons for conflict.
they explain international policy through the same categories with which they explain domestic policy, attribute international tensions and wars exclusively to the nature of the internal structures of states and consider peace as an automatic and necessary consequence of the transformation of the internal structures (political and/or economic) of the states.
Internationalism is therefore a political concept which, from a theoretic point of view, does not attribute any autonomy to the international political system with respect to the internal structure of the single states, and to foreign policy with respect to domestic policy. Moreover, from a practical point of view, it considers that the struggle to achieve freedom, equality, national independence and social justice in the single states has precedence over the objectives of peace and international order.
Globalization
Diagram:
• Introduction.
• Historical foundation of the idea.
• Tools of globalization.
• Different levels or parts of globalization.
• Negatives of globalization
• Positives of globalization.
• Suggestions.
• Conclusion.
Article on globalization
Globalization is an irreversible and powerful wonder. It is popular everywhere on the world. While expanding regarding the matter, note that globalization influences us as a resident as well as "maker purchaser in the worldwide economy".
In the advanced contemporary world, extraordinary discussion rotates around the expression "globalization", which is even today a constant issue.
Prior to investigating the idea, we should investigate the various meanings of the wonder. Globalization can be characterized as "firmly interrelated coordination of market regarding merchandise, administrations and capital". It can likewise be characterized as "continuous disintegration of limits between states through expanded monetary relationship and interlinkages can be named as globalization.
From the previously mentioned definitions, we can accept that globalization is the common sharing of merchandise, administrations and capital between or among states. It is additionally step by step making states nearer and incorporated. There are various speculations about the start of the idea of globalization.
Some are of the view that it began from the mid of twentieth century with woods gathering 1944. While the others are of the view that this idea was appropriately begun with the foundation of W.T.O in 1995. Whatever actually, the facts confirm that the movement of globalization was quickened with World exchanging Organization. the primary plan of this association was to end outskirt and secure the exchange between the states.
Besides electronic media is another device of globalization. We can say that media is the alternate method of crushing the world into one entirety. It has become the quickest method of interrelating the world. Episode occurring in one piece of the world can be seen in different pieces of the globe through it rapidly. It is the most grounded mean of knowing and accepting what's going on. It is additionally an instrument of publicity. In the cutting edge world, individuals and states use it for their own personal responsibility and secure help of others in their lead. We have a new illustration of Iraq war. Media assumed a significant function in this specific war. The U.S Government proliferated on media that Saddam has atomic weapons which is simply the greatest danger to America and the entire world. Regardless of the way that 152 nations contradicted him in United Nations, America assaulted on Iraq under the article 52 (self protection) of the United Nations. Of course it is likewise imperative to take note of that it was the equivalent media who detailed that there were no atomic weapons found in Iraq. So it has performed both the jobs.
The story not finishes here, another significant apparatus of globalization is web. It is the web which rapidly and truly summed up the world into a little box. Whatever you need, whatever u wish for, you can have it through web. There are 200 million individuals who are utilizing PC in their every day life and 95% of them are utilizing PC. One out of each 12 is utilizing web. It has something for everybody. The fundamental purposes for utilizing web are;
• To get information.
• To have access to news.
• To deal in business.
• To follow the modern styles.
• To have recreation or entertainment.
It is because of this device of globalization that one can approach all the things he needed through s single tick. So web is significant device of globalization.
The subsequent layer is positive just as negative part of it. Like AIDs, it was limited to a particular territory of the world. Presently it spread everywhere on the world. Same is the situation with Swine Flu, flying creature Flu and opiates. As of now 95% of the opium is developed in Afghanistan. Prior the territory of Golden Triangle was on top of its development.
The last yet not the least is instructive globalization. The primary components which are associated with this globalization are:
• Internet.
• Visa unwinding for understudies.
• Scholarships.
Web as examined before is a significant factor in each understudy of the world. It is through web that one can discover the individuals of moreover. Through web one can have paper on any point or expression. Furthermore the visa unwinding for understudies additionally making it a solid factor of globalization.
In spite of the fact that the idea of globalization is celebrated everywhere on the world, similar to the wide range of various things this idea additionally has a few benefits and bad marks. We will talk about negatives of globalization first.
Negatives of globalization: