write an essay on Mughal administration about 2000words
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Answer:
The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires,[13] to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of Upper India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar.[14] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb,[15][16] during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently, especially during the East India Company rule in India, to the region in and around Old Delhi, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare,[17][18][19] it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices,[20][21] and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule.[22] The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar.[23][24] These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,[25] were paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[22] and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets.[26]
The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion.[27] Burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts.[28] There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite,[29] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan.[30] Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens and the Taj Mahal, which is described as "the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."[31]
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Explanation:
The Mughal administration was quite different from those of their predecessors i.e. the sultans. The Mughal emperors bore the title “Padshah” meaning the emperor. This was evident that they wanted to practice an unanswerable authority over their subjects. Jalal-ud-din Akbar declared himself as an arbiter while Aurangzeb Alamgir acted as an strong orthodox Muslim ruler. The Mughal administration was basically divided into three types which are as following1. The central administration
2. The military administration
3. The revenue administration
In the central administration the emperor was the head of the state having unlimited power of formulating laws, he was the Chief Executive and the military commander. The emperor was the final despot and his law or order was the final rather he was considered as the shadow of God on earth as in the case of Jala-ud-din Akbar. Though the emperor enjoyed unlimited powers and authority yet he used to take into consideration the advices given by the court officials or nobility which had great influence over the state politics. The Mughals were quite sensible in terms of using the loyalties of their nobility unlike the sultans mostly came under the influence of their nobility and usually lost their power into their hands.