Write an essay on technology advancement in india (isro)
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ISRO was established in1969 and it superseded the erstwhile Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR). It is under the administrative control of the Department of Space, Government of India.
ISRO has numerous milestones to its credit since its establishment. India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, was built by ISRO and launched by the Soviet Union in 1975. Rohini, was the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3, was launched in 1980. ISRO subsequently developed two other launch vehicles: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for putting satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications, earth observation satellites and other space missions for india. Chandrayaan-1, India’s first mission to the Moon was successfully launched on a PLSV in 2008.
Satellite Launch Vehicle
India’s launch vehicle program which started in the 1960’s with the launch of sounding rockets from Thumba has come a long way. The various launch vehicles which have been part of the Indian space program are Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV), Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). The Satellite Launch Vehicle, usually known as SLV or SLV-3 was a 4-stage solid-fuel satellite launch vehicle. It was intended to reach a low earth orbit of 500 km and carry a payload weighing 40 kg. It was first launched in 1979 with two more launches in each subsequent year, and the final launch in 1983. Only two of its four test flights were successful. At present this launch vehicle is not in use.
Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV). The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle, usually known as ASLV was a 5-stage solid propellant rocket. It was capable of placing a mini satellites weighing150 kg into the LEO. The first launch test of ASLV was carried in 1987, and three other launches followed in 1988, 1992 and 1994, out of which only two were successful, it was decommissioned thereafter.
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, usually known as PSLV, is the ISRO’s workhorse. It is an expendable launch vehicle which allows India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous polar orbits. PSLV can also launch small satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). The reliability of the PSLV is proven by the fact that it has launched 55 satellites / spacecrafts( 26 Indian and 29 Foreign Satellites) into various orbits so far. On 9 September 2012 the PSLV flew its 21th consecutive successful launch mission. Its only failure in its 22 flights was its maiden voyage in September 1993, providing the rocket with a 95 percent success rate.
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, usually known as GSLV, is capable of launching INSAT class satellites into geostationary orbit. At present, it is ISRO’s heaviest satellite launch vehicle and is capable of putting a total payload of up to 5 tons in LEO. The vehicle is built by India while the cryogenic engine is purchased from Russia meanwhile ISRO is developing its own cryogenic engine. In a setback for ISRO, the latest attempt to launch the GSLV, GSLV-F06 carrying GSAT-5P, failed on 25 December 2010.
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III (GSLV III). The Geo- synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III is a INSAT-4 class satellite launch vehicle currently under development at ISRO. It is intended to launch heavy satellites into geostationary orbit, and will allow India to become less dependent on foreign rockets for heavy lifting.
Satellite Systems
In the past four decades, ISRO has launched more than 65 satellites for various scientific and technological applications like mobile communications, Direct-to-Home (DTH) services, meteorological observations, telemedicine, tele-education, disaster warning, radio networking, search and rescue operations, remote sensing and scientific studies of the space.
ISRO has two major satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) series for satellite communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services and is a Geo-Stationary Satellites, and the Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) system for resources monitoring and management, this is Earth Observation Satellites. ISRO has launched many experimental Satellites which are generally small as compared to INSAT or IRS and also a number of space missions to explore the space.
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