Write an essay on the topic "Medicinal plants;Preserving traditional Indian wisdom".
Answers
Explanation:
Today, when people throughout the world are disturbed by the degradation of the environment and the disastrous consequences of this, traditional ethics of nature conservation could be looked upon as a source of inspiration and guidance for the future.
The traditions can be classified as
Religious traditions: temple forests, monastery forests, sanctified and deified trees
Traditional tribal traditions: sacred forests, sacred groves and sacred trees
Royal traditions: royal hunting preserves, elephant forests, royal gardens etc.
Livelihood traditions: forests and groves serving as cultural and social space and source of livelihood products and services
For instance, "Sacred groves' were dedicated to a deity or a village God, protected, and worshipped like Devarakaadu near Shimoga, India. The Sacred Groves are important repositories of floral and faunal diversity that have been conserved by local communities in a sustainable manner. They are present in Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, and other places and highlight community managed conservation efforts.1 Historically, the protection of nature and wildlife was an ardent article of faith, reflected in the daily lives of people, enshrined in myths, folklore, religion, arts, and culture. Such traditional cultural attitudes, though based on religious faith, have made significant contribution in the protection and propagation of various species of trees and plants in India. Ex- Use of bael in summer associated with Ramanavami celebration, Durva for Lord Ganesha, Parijatha plant for Lord Krishna, Bilwa for Lord Ishwara and so on. For the people of India, environmental conservation is not a new concept. Sustainability was ingrained in the thought processes of early Indians as evident from the teachings of Vedas. Perhaps no other culture can provide such a profound variety of cultural practices and ecologically sound relationship with nature as the Indian. For eg: a hymn in Atharva Veda (12.1.35) says “Whatever I dig out from you, O Earth! May that have quick regeneration again, may we not damage thy vital habitat and heart.2 Implicit here are the following principles: In the process of harvest no damage should be done to the earth, Humans are forewarned not against the use of nature for survival, but against the overuse and abuse.
The practice of allocating tree species to individuals based on lunar asterism like nakshatra vana, navagraha vrukshas was also prevalent. Nakshatravana, Rashivana and Navagraha Vrukshas are other effective ideas to protect trees and environment. There has been a practice of allocating tree species to individuals based on lunar asterism under which they are born (birth star trees or Nakshatravanam) under this, all individuals are expected to take care of their birth star trees.3 They are
Nakshatra vanam plants
Sl. No
Scientific name family
Nakshatram
Family
Strychnos nux-vomica
Ashwini
Loganiaceae
2.
Phyllanthus emblica( Emblica officinalis)
Bharani
Phyllanthaceae
3.
Ficus racemosa
Kruttica
Moraceae
4.
Syzygium cumini
Rohini
Myrtaceae
5.
Acacia chundra
Mrugasira
Fabaceae
6.
Gmelina arborea
Aardra
Verbinaceae
7.
Bambusa bambos
Punarvasu
Poaceae
8.
Ficus religiosa
Pushyami
Moraceae
9.
Mesua ferrea
Ashlesha
Calophyllaceae
10.
Ficus benghalensis
Makha
Moraceae
11.
Butea monosperma
Purva Palguni
Fabaceae
12.
Ficus virens
Uttara Palguni
Moraceae
13.
Spondias pinnata
Hasta
Anacardiaceae
14.
Aegle marmelos
Chitta
Rutaceae
15.
Terminalia arjuna
Swathi
Combretaceae
16.
Mimusops elengi
Anuradha
Sapotaceae
17.
Symplocos cochinchinensis
Jyestha
Symplocaceae
18.
Canarium strictum
Mula
Burseraceae
19.
Barringtonia racemosa
Purvashada
Lecythidaceae
20.
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Uttarashada
Moraceae
21.
Calotropis gigantea
Sravana
Apocynaceae
22.
Prosopis cineraria
Dhanista
Fabaceae
23.
Neolamarckia cadamba
Shatabisham
Rubiaceae
24.
Flacourtia indica
Vishaka
Salicaceae
25.
Mangifera indica
Purvabhadra
Anacardiaceae
26.
Azadirachta indica
Uttarabhadra
Meliaceae
27.
Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia
(Syn.M. indica)
Revathi
Sapotaceae
Mythology also has been useful in cultivating certain plants that needed extra care. Socio-culturally valued species find place in home gardens and courtyards For example, Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) a highly valued medicinal plant is grown, in every household in centre of the courtyard and ritually watered even today. Vrikshayurveda mentions that one who grows Tulsi at home will be residing in Vaikunta (Heaven) for 1000 years. It is also said that one who plants neem and mango trees on roadsides would be attain liberation. Probably, these are counted as motivational factors for plant preservation based on mythology
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