write an essay on topic "print and poor"
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l Print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea first.
l It was a system of handprinting. From AD 594, books were printed by rubbing paper against
the inked surface of wood blocks. Chinese books were folded and stitched at the sides.
l Skilled craftsmen duplicated, with remarkable accuracy, the beautiful calligraphy.
l China was a major producer of printed material for a long time.
l 17th century : Print diversified. Merchants used print in their everyday life. Reading
became a popular leisure activity. Rich women, wives of scholar-officials, published their
plays and poetry.
l By the 19th century : Western powers started exporting new technology to China. Shift from
handprinting to mechanical printing.
The oldest printed book known is a Japanese Buddhist book, the Diamond Sutra printed
in AD 868.
l Buddhist missionaries from China introduced handprinting technology in Japan around
768-770 AD.
In the 18th century : Edo (Tokyo) published illustrated collection of paintings, showing
urban culture; hundreds of books published on cooking, famous places, women, musical
instruments, tea ceremony. etc.
From Japan, this art travelled to Europe and the USA.
The Poor
The spread of education in the 19th century made everyone — rich or poor,
man or woman, old or young — crazy about reading. Public libraries were opened in big
towns, cities and big villages, which made reading accessible to the general public. Some
millworkers of Kanpur wrote books about the desperate conditions of the poor. Chief
among them were Kashibaba, who wrote Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal in 1938 against the
caste and class distinctions. Poems of another mill-worker, named Sudarshan Chakra,
between 1935 and 1955 were published as Sachchi Kavitayen. By the 1930s, Bangalore
cotton workers also set up libraries to educate themselves. Social reformers sponsored
these libraries to restrict drinking among the workers and to bring literacy to them.
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