Question

write an experiment to show that angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection

Answer 1

There are two laws of reflection 

First law :-  When a light ray strikes a plane mirror, the light ray reflects off the mirror. Reflection involves a change in direction of the light ray.The angle of incidence is the angle between this normal line and the incident ray; the angle of reflection is the angle between this normal line and the reflected ray. According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

Second Law :- Incident ray, Reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.

Experiment

Objective :- To prove the law of reflection through a plane mirror.

Things required:- Soft board, white sheet of paper , optical pins , mirror , pencil, protactor and ruler .

Method :- 

1- Place the paper on the board and fix 

2- Place the mirror vertically on the white sheet of paper and trace its edge.

3- Draw a line at right angles to the edge of the edge of the mirror to act as the normal- ON .

4- Stating with angle i as 30 degree , draw an incident ray and place two pins, P and Q along it as shown

5- With your eyes at position shown, place two other pins R and S to coincide with the images of P and Q as seen in the mirror

6- Remove pins R and S and join the dots left with a straight line

7-Measure and record angle r.

8- Repeat procedure 4,5,6 and 7for angles i = 35 degree, 40 degree, 45 degree, 50 degree and 55 degree.

Record the results in a table.

On carefully observing the result on will clearly see that :-

1-The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

2- Incident ray, Reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.

Hence the laws of reflection prooved :)




The laws of reflection governs the reflection of light rays off smooth conducting surfaces such as polished metal or metal-coated glass mirrors. It state that:

1. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane.

2. The angle of incidence <i is equal to the angle of reflection <r, both angles are measured with respect to the normal to the mirror.

The experiment to verify these laws is as follows:

Apparatus required: a drawing board, a white sheet of paper, a few common pins and a plane mirror.

Procedure: Pin the white sheet of paper firmly on the drawing board. Place the plane mirror on it and trace its outline on the paper. Then remove the mirror and draw the 'normal. ' The normal is the 90 degrees vertical line drawn to the outline of the mirror.
Now place the mirror again on the outline. The normal will be reflected clearly on the mirror.
Next place two pins in a straight line on one side of the normal on the white sheet of paper.
Next place two pins on the other side of the normal in such a way that these two pins are in a straight line with the reflection of the two pins on the other side of the normal.
Now remove the mirror and the pins and join the pin marks to the normal.
It will be seen that the angles which the lines make on both sides of the normal will be equal (refer to the attached image). So, if one line represents the incident ray - the ray which is travelling from the source of light - and the other line represents the reflected ray - the ray of light which has been reflected - it is proved that the angle which the incident ray makes to the normal is always equal to the angle which the reflected ray makes to the normal i. e. <i=<r
Since the lines representing the normal and the incident and reflected rays are all represented on the sheet of plain paper, the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal are coplanar.

Answer 2

first..

take a sheet of paper and keep it on the table ..
second

then draw a horizontal line on the paper with a pencil and a scale
third

after this draw a normal to the horizontal line which measures exactly 90°
fourth
draw a line of any degree (less than 90° ) on any one side of the normal { either left or right side )
fifth
Take a mirror and lie it on the horizontal line which was made earlier
sixth
mark point o and p on the line line of step fourth with a pin or any sharp thing
seventh
draw the degree on the another side of the normal as observed on the mirror ....
eighth
measure both the degrees with a protector and mark both degrees...
thus the reflected angle will be of the same degree as the incident angle ....


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