write anate an any two sairy process preparation
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Preparation of phenol:
(1) From chlorobenzene (Raschig method):
Chlorobenzene is heated with steam at 698 K using calcium phosphate or silica as catalyst. Instead, the reaction can be carried out by using water in presence of copper catalyst at 673 K.
C
6
H
5
−Cl+H
2
O
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
698K
C
6
H
5
−OH+HCl
(2) From aniline (Diazotization):
Aniline is diazotized by treatment with nitrous acid (NaNO
2
and HCl) under ice cold conditions to form benzene diazonium chloride. This is followed by hydrolysis with dilute sulphuric acid to form phenol.
C
6
H
5
−NH
2
+HNO
2
+HCl
273-278 K
C
6
H
5
−N
2
+
Cl
−
+2H
2
O
C
6
H
5
−N
2
+
Cl
−
+H
2
O
dil sulphuric acid
C
6
H
5
−OH+N
2
↑+HCl
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