write and define the various steps involved in the process of nutrition in animals
Answers
Answer:
There are five steps in the process of Nutrition in animals. These are: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and Egestion. ... Assimilation: is the process in which the absorbed food is taken in by the body cells and used for energy, growth and repair. Blood carries the absorbed food to all the parts of the body.
Answer:
The nutritional requirements of most animals are relatively extensive and complex compared with the simple requirements of plants. The nutrients used by animals include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
Carbohydrates are the basic source of energy for all animals. Animals obtain their carbohydrates from the external environment (compared with plants, which synthesize carbohydrates by photosynthesis). About one-half to two-thirds of the total calories every animal consumes daily are from carbohydrates.
Glucose is the carbohydrate most often used as an energy source. This monosaccharide is metabolized during cellular respiration (see Chapter 6), and part of the energy is used to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Other useful carbohydrates are maltose, lactose, sucrose, and starch.
Lipids are used to form cellular and organelle membranes, the sheaths surrounding nerve fibers, and certain hormones. One type of lipid, fats, is extremely useful energy sources.
Nucleic acids are used for the construction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and ATP. Animals obtain their nucleic acids from plant and animal tissues, especially from cells that contain nuclei. During digestion, the nucleic acids are broken down into nucleotides, which are absorbed into the cells.
Proteins form the framework of the animal body. Proteins are essential components of the cytoplasm, membranes, and organelles. They are also the major components of muscles, ligaments, and tendons, and they are the essential substances of enzymes. Proteins are composed of 20 kinds of amino acids.
Although many amino acids can be synthesized, many others must be supplied in the diet. During digestion, proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids, which are absorbed into the body.