Write answer in short and All question are compulsory.
1. Give definition of electrometric effect.
2. What is vicinal halide?
3. Write a hybridization of Alkane, Alkene and Alkynes.
4. Give definition of stereochemistry.
5. Write Lindlar catalyst.
6. Give a reaction of acetylene with KMnO,
7. What is conformation?
8. Draw the Newmann Projection structure of staggered and
eclipsed ethane.
9. Give structural formula of Neopentane.
10. Give structural formula of compound having IUPAC name 1,4-
hexadiene.
11. Give definition of chirality.
12. What is inductive effect?
13. Give example of any two free radicals.
14. State the Saytzeff's rule.
Answers
Answer:
1) Electromeric effect refers to a molecular polarizability effect occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons.
2) Vicinal halides, compounds that have halogens on adjacent carbons, are prepared by the reaction between a halogen and an alkene. The simplest example is the reaction between ethylene and chlorine to give 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride).
3) They have a trigonal planar arrangement, and the angle between two orbitals is 120 degrees. Shape of the molecule in which central atom is sp²- hybridized is trigonal planar. Ex: Ethene (CH₂=CH₂), alkenes. Alkynes undergo sp hybridization
4) Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation. ... An important branch of stereochemistry is the study of chiral molecules.
5) Lindlar's catalyst is a palladium catalyst poisoned with traces of lead and quinoline, that reduce its activity such that it can only reduce alkynes, not alkenes. ... Sometimes you might see it written as Pd-CaCO3-PbO2, but it's usually just written “Lindlar”.
6) Acetylene reacts with Cold KMnO4 to form formic acid and on reaction with hot KMnO4 it forms Oxalic acid.
7) Conformation, any one of the infinite number of possible spatial arrangements of atoms in a molecule that result from rotation of its constituent groups of atoms about single bonds.
9) C5H12
10) 1,4-Hexadiene
PubChem CID 5365552
Structure Find Similar Structures
Chemical Safety Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) Datasheet
Molecular Formula C6H10
Synonyms 1,4-HEXADIENE 592-45-0 7319-00-8 trans-1,4-Hexadiene (4E)-hexa-1,4-diene More...
11) In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations and translations. This geometric property is called chirality. The terms are derived from Ancient Greek χείρ, meaning "hand"; which is the canonical example of an object with this property.
12) In chemistry, the inductive effect is an effect regarding the transmission of unequal sharing of the bonding electron through a chain of atoms in a molecule, leading to a permanent dipole in a bond. It is present in a σ bond as opposed to electromeric effect which is present on a π bond.
13) The two most important oxygen-centered free radicals are superoxide and hydroxyl radical. They derive from molecular oxygen under reducing conditions. However, because of their reactivity, these same free radicals can participate in unwanted side reactions resulting in cell damage.
14) Saytzeff Rule implies that base-induced eliminations (E2) will lead predominantly to the olefin in which the double bond is more highly substituted, i.e. that the product distribution will be controlled by thermodynamics.