write any five difference between acid and base on the basis of chemical properties
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR COMPARISON ACIDS BASES
Arrhenius Concept Acid is the substance when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of H+ ions. The base is the substance when dissolved in water, increase the concentration of OH- ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Concept Acids are the proton donor. Bases are the proton acceptor.
Lewis Concept Such species that accepts the pair of electrons (an electrophile) and will have vacant orbitals are known as Lewis acid. Such species that donates the pair of the electron (a nucleophile) and will have a lone pair of electrons are known as Lewis base.
Chemical formula Such compound whose chemical formula begins with H, for example HCl (Hydrochloric acid), H3BO3 (Boric acid), CH2O3 (Carbonic
acid). Although CH3COOH (Acetic acid) is an exception. Such compounds whose chemical formula ends with OH, for example KOH (Potassium hydroxide), NaOH (Sodium hydroxide).
pH scale (concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution) Less than 7. Greater than 7.
Physical Characteristics Sour in taste. Bitter in taste.
Gives burning sensation. Odorless (except ammonia).
Acids are usually sticky. Bases are slippery.
Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Reacts with fats and oils.
Phenolphthalein Indicator It remains colorless. It gives pink color.
Litmus test Turns blue litmus paper to red. Turns red litmus paper to blue.
Strength Depends on the concentration of hydronium ions. Depends on the concentration of hydroxide ions.
Dissociation when mixed with water Acids dissociate to give free hydrogen ions (H+) after mixing in water. Bases dissociate to give free hydroxide ions (OH-) after mixing in water.
Examples Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), Carbonic acid (H2CO3). Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Uses Used as preservatives, fertilizers, as preservatives, used as carbonated drinks, processing leather, household cleaning, making sodas, flavor to food, etc. Used in gastric medicine (antacid), soaps, detergents, cleanser, antiperspirant armpit deodorant, non-hazardous alkali to neutralise acidic wastewater, neutralise soil acidity.
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