Write any six international problem of India
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
1. Conventional Security:
Pakistan is historically perceived to be India's main conventional threat, as evidenced by the military stand-off in late 2001 and early 2002.
At the same time, India lost a war to China in 1962. China is also India's closest military equal, a fact made most clear when India pronounced that its 1998 nuclear tests were in response to the China risk.
India's military is rooting out internal militancy prevalent (in the northeast, in the east (among the Naxelite groups), and in Jammu and Kashmir.) Notably, however, there are no known Indian al Qaida or Taliban members (excepting the 2006 Heathrow plot).
India is also located in a volatile neighborhood, with ongoing wars, insurgencies and unrest taking place in Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, and a coup in Bangladesh.
2. Economic Growth:
For decades, India maintained what economists termed a "Hindu" rate of GDP growth between 1.5 and 3%. Following the 1991 economic reforms, growth tripled and has stabilized since 2006 at 8-9.5%. However, if India hopes to continue to lift up the 60% of its population in the rural sector and build infrastructure, it must increase its foreign financing significantly.
Exchange with its neighbors has supported India's growth, from the "Look East" policy of the early 1990's to today's increasing engagement with ASEAN, BIMSTEC, and the new SAFTA agreement. At the same time as it pursues regional agreements, India also engages bilaterally (with free trade agreements with Singapore and a possible bilateral investment treaty with the U.S.) and globally, taking a leadership position in the WTO Doha negotiations.
India's growth has been bolstered by China, which has achieved annual growth of over 10% since 2000. However, the two countries will compete increasingly, as India engages in China's traditional stronghold of manufacturing, and China focuses on the services market.
3. Energy Security:
India currently imports 70% of its oil and 50% of its gas; it is projected to import 80% of its energy needs by 2025.
While India holds that it should be allowed to expand energy consumption and emissions until its per capita levels correspond with those of Western countries, increasingly polls indicate that the Indian public is recognizing the importance of more attention to environmental concerns.
India is increasingly exploring nuclear power as an alternative energy source (presuming the U.S.-India July 2005 civil nuclear agreement is completed); it is also one of the leading R&D venues for solar and wind power. However, currently only 6% of potential non-conventional energy resources have been tapped.
In an effort to ensure access to energy resources, India will continue to focus on the Middle East, particularly Iran (including the Iran-Pakistan-India oil pipeline). At the same time, India is expanding its search for energy resources into Africa and Latin America (though India typically loses bids to China).
4. Nuclear Capability and Nonproliferation:
India's nuclear policy is shaped by its unstable relations with Pakistan and China, as well as the recent escalation of nuclear proliferation in the wider region. Its goal is to build a "credible minimum deterrent" through land-, air-, and sea-based capabilities.
Since 2002, the India-Pakistan Composite Dialogue has significantly lowered tensions and resulted in several agreements to mitigate the chance of a mistaken nuclear attack.
If the U.S.-India civil nuclear agreement is completed (see India-Iran Relations briefing memo), India will be able to take a more active role in promoting nonproliferation directly, a goal that has long been touted as vital to India's national interest.
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