write any three functions of Indian President
Answers
The answer to the question you asked is in two ways:
The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60. The president appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on the advice of the chief justice.
OR
EXECUTIVE POWERS OF PRESIDENT - SHORTCUT
(1) Head of the Union Administration: All executive orders are issued in the name of the President.
(2) Appointments of officials of the State: The President makes appointments to the key posts to run the government's administration. He appoints the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, the Chief Justice and the Judges of Supreme Court and the High Courts, the Governors of the States, Attorney General of India, Comptroller and Auditor General, Chairman and members of the UPSC, Chairman and members of the Planning Commission.
DESCRIBE EMERGENCY AND ITS THREE TYPES - SHORTCUT
An Emergency is ''a sudden unforeseen situation demanding immediate action.'' It is a situation in which the Head of the State (President) assumes extraordinary powers. Three types of emergency are national emergency, state emergency and financial emergency.
LIMITATIONS OF PRESIDENT - SHORTCUT
The President of India has limitations on his executive powers due to the Council of Ministers. Likewise, the Parliament also exerts certain limitations on the powers of the President. One such limitation is the approval of all proclamations of Emergency by the Parliament. If the Parliament does not approve them, they become null and void.
LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF PRESIDENT - SHORTCUT
The President addresses the Sessions of the Parliament. The President has the power to address either House of Parliament at any time. He can send messages to either House of the Parliament. He summons and prorogue the Houses. He can dissolve the Lok Sabha and order fresh elections. He nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. No Bill can become a law without the assent and the signature of the President. Under Article 123, the President can promulgate an Ordinance.
BREAKDOWN OF CONSTITUTIONAL EMERGENCY - SHORTCUT
Article 256 talks about the failure of constitutional machinery in state also known as the Presidents rule. If the president on Governors report or otherwise is satisfied that the situation has arisen that the government cant be carried in accordance with the constitutional provisions then, he may issue State emergency. President can declare emergency either by the report of Governor or he himself is satisfied that the situation is such that the emergency has to be imposed. During the state emergency the Union government has absolute control over the state except the judiciary.
FINANCIAL POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT - SHORTCUT
No money bill can be introduced in the Parliament without the assent of the President. The ''Annual'' Budget of the Central Government is presented before the Lok Sabha by the Union Finance Minister only with the permission of the President. The Contingency Fund of India is at the disposal of the President. He can make advances out of it to meet unforeseen expenditure before the same is approved by the Parliament.
FINANCIAL EMERGENCY - SHORTCUT
The President under Article 360 of the constitution has the power to declare financial emergency if he is satisfied that the financial stability or the credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened. It has to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament and ceases to operate at the expiration of two months unless meanwhile approved by the resolution of Houses. The President can reduce the salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons, including the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
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