Question

Write any two functions of given cell organelles :
(i) Mitochondria
(ii) Nucleus
(iii) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(iv) Chloroplast
Please answer it on class 9th level​

Answer 1

nucleus:The nucleus contains genetic material or DNA in the form of chromatin, or, during mitosis or late interphase, chromosomes. All transcription and replication of genetic material takes place within the nucleus, as does RNA processing. The nucleolus also resides within the nucleus, and is responsible for RNA transcription and folding. Translation of RNA transcripts takes place outside of the nucleus.

mitochondria :A mitochondrion is the organelle responsible for a cell's metabolism. It synthetizes ATP through a protein called ATP synthase. Mitochondria have a double membrane. An outer membrane and a folded inner membrane. The internal membrane, called the cristae is invaginated (folded or creased), to maximize surface area enabling it to hold more ATP synthases. It is called as "the powerhouse of the cell" which is present in the eukaryotic organisms. It has matrix inside the inner membrane.

endoplasmic reticulum:The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) acts as a transport from the nucleus and ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum:

chloroplast :Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in plant and algal cells

Answer 2

HEY MATE...

HERE IS YOUR ANSWER...

(i) Mitochondria :

*Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell.

*They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.

*The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration.

(ii)Nucleus :

*The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).

*Only the cells of advanced organisms, known as eukaryotes, have a nucleus. Generally there is only one nucleus per cell, but there are exceptions, such as the cells of slime molds and the Siphonales group of algae. Simpler one-celled organisms (prokaryotes), like the bacteria and cyanobacteria, don't have a nucleus. In these organisms, all of the cell's information and administrative functions are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.

(iii) Endoplasmic reticulum :

*Endoplasmic reticulum has a number of jobs within the cell. This includes the folding and transport of various proteins, specifically carrying them to the Golgi apparatus. Someother proteins, mostly the glycoproteins, move across the ER's membrane.

*The ER is also responsible for marking these proteins that it transports with a signal sequence. Other proteins are headed outside the ER, so they are packed into transport vesicles and moved out of the cell via the cytoskeleton.

(iv) Chloroplast :

*Absorption of light energy and conversion of it into biological energy.

*In plants all the cells participate in plant immune response as they lack specialized immune cells.

*The chloroplasts with the nucleus and cell membrane and ER are the key organelles of pathogen defense.

HOPE IT HELPS YOU...