write application of monoploids
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Looking forward, the study and use of monoploids and monoploid-derivatives appears more promising than it has at any time in the past. Of major interest are the cytological and physiological events of monoploid origin. One can hypothesize that precocious division of the egg prior to fertilization or during the initial stages of fertilization sets the stage for development of monoploid sporophytes, and further, that this precocious division results from premature deactivation or inadequate supply of an inhibiting substance present in the microenvironment or normal eggs. These hypotheses are subject to experimental verification.
Answering the question whether the haploid sporophyte of maize is ‘truly’ monoploid is important to the understanding of the origin of the species. This is in part a question of semantics, as well as of homologies and homoeologies. It does seem likely that primitive maize or the generic ancestor of maize was an amphidiploid, the chromosomally-doubled product of hybridization of species of the Maydeae and Andropogoneae with a basic genome of five chromosomes. The pattern of crossing-over in monoploid meiosis, if there is a pattern, may provide evidence for homoeologies within the basic set of maize chromosomes.
Agronomically, other than in the commercial breeding program for which I was personally responsible, little use has been made of the monoploid method in the development of homozygous diploids. Increased interest in and use of such radical techniques is likely in the future as the challenges of intensified commercial maize culture and of the highly competitive hybrid seedcorn market necessitate an increasingly high degree of responsiveness on the part of the maize breeder.
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