Write at least two hardware and software features of each generations
Answers
Answer:
used vacuum tubes
ENIAC, UNIVAC I, IBM 650, IBM 701 etc.
mainframes taking up entire rooms
punched cards I/O
electrostatic and mercury delay line memory, beginning use of core
Second generation — 1956-1963
used discrete transistors
IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, PDP-1 and 8, etc.
first appearance of minicomputer (PDP-8)
punched cards I/O and line printers (mainframe), TTY (minicomputers)
core memory, magnetic tape for mass storage
Third generation — 1964-1971
used integrated circuits
IBM System/360, UNIVAC 1108, PDP-8/I, PDP-11/20 and PDP-11/45, etc.
mostly same I/O and memory as second generation
Fourth generation — 1971-present
use microprocessors
PDP-11/03 and PDP-11/34, Apple ][, IBM PC, Apple Macintosh, IBM z Series, etc.
transition from minicomputers to personal computers
video terminals used for I/O, specialty computer printers developed
fewer mainframes
semiconductor memory replaces core memory
hard drives and optical drives replace magnetic tape for mass storage, followed by solid-state drives (SSD)
Fifth generation — (current research)
artificial intelligence and quantum computing
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Ali Hassan, studied Computer Science at Army Public School
Updated Oct 9, 2018
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Originally Answered: What are the characteristics of each computer generation?
First Generation:
Used vacuum tubes.
Vacuum tubes were heated so often, so they have to be cooled down by an AC.
Vacuum tubes also Burnt so they had to be replaced.
Computers were very large taking the size of a room.
Machine language was used in these computers.
Input was based on punch cards.
Output was obtained through printouts.
Second Generation:
Used transistors.
Size was small and memory was large.
Speed was faster than First gen. computers.
input was based on punch cards, magnetic tapes and magnetic disks,
Assembly language was used in these computersa
High level languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL was introduced in theses computers
Third Generation:
These computers used Integrated circuits also called IC chips.
IC chips improved the speed and memory of the computers.
Computers consumed less electricity and became smaller.
Keyboard and mouse were used.
These computers also supported multitasking.
Fourth Generation:
These computers used VLSI(very large scale integration), LSI(large scale integration) and SSi(small scale integration or simply microprocessor.
These computers are very small in size, have fast speed and consume less power.
GUI is introduced in these computers.
Modern programming languages such as C++, python and java are used in these computers.
Fifth Generation:
The fifth generation of the computers is AI also referred as Artificial Intelligence. The aim of this generation is to eliminate the need of programming. The devices can have human-like traits. The devices can also learn by themselves and can improve with a passage of time.
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Jesse Pollard
There is also a zero generation, using relays....

Sabaz Ahmed Mazumder, studied Science & Computer Science at Oriental High School, Silchar
Answered Apr 27, 2017
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
Fifth generation computers are in developmental stage which is based on the artificial intelligence. The goal of the fifth generation is to develop the device which could respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will be used in this technology. So we can say that the fifth generation computers will have the power of human intelligence.
CHARACTERISTICS
1) The fifth generation computers will use super large scale integrated chips.
2) They will have artificial intelligence.
3) They will be able to recognize image and graphs.
4) Fifth generation computer aims to be able to solve highly complex problem including decision making, logical reasoning.
5) They will be able to use more than one CPU for faster processing speed.
6) Fifth generation computers are intended to work with natural language.
Answer:
First Generation (1940 - 1956) Vaccum Tubes
Hardware
- Magnetic drums for memory.
- Input on punched cards and paper tape.
Software
- Machine language.
- Solved only one problem at a time.
Second Generation (1956 - 1963) Transistors
Hardware
- Magnetic cores for memory.
- Disks for secondary storage.
Software
- Assembly language.
- High level programming language developed.
Third Generation (1964 - 1971) Integrated circuits
Hardware
- IC’s with SSI and MSI technologies.
- Minicomputer; upward compatible family of computer.
Software
- Timesharing operating system.
- standardized of high level programming language.
Fouth Generation (1972 - 2010) Microprocessors
Hardware
- Super computer based on multi processing technology.
- Microprocessor ; semiconductor memory.
Software
- Multiprocessing OS.
- Network base and super computing application.
Fifth Generation (Present and beyond) Artificial Intelligence
Hardware
- Cluster computing
- Superconductors
Software
- Natural language input.
- Capable of learning and self organisation.