Write basic principles behind:. 1.chromatography. 2.crystallisation. 3.distillation. 4.centrifugation
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distillation..................
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Distillation:
This technique of separation is driven by boiling point differences of the two in the mixtures. As a normal operating procedure mixture is heated gradually and the substances that vaporize the easiest will separate first. Distillation is widely used in industries and in our daily life also. The best example is In the decaffeination of coffee
Chromatography
This technique of separation is driven by separation by inner molecular attractions. Some mixtures have components that "stick" to materials in different ways. These attractions take place at the molecular level. The different techniques of HPLC,GC are based on this. The retention time is usually identified here for its application for analysis.
Crystallization
This technique of separation is driven by separation by solubility. Substances have different solubilities at temperatures. A solution can be cooled to the point where the solute will begin to form crystals and separate from the mixture.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a method in which solid or liquid particles of different densities are separated by rotating them in the tube in a horizontal circle. The heavier suspended particles move down and lighter particles remain on top. In this method, the mixture is rotated at a high speed in a test tube in a machine called centrifuge.
This technique of separation is driven by boiling point differences of the two in the mixtures. As a normal operating procedure mixture is heated gradually and the substances that vaporize the easiest will separate first. Distillation is widely used in industries and in our daily life also. The best example is In the decaffeination of coffee
Chromatography
This technique of separation is driven by separation by inner molecular attractions. Some mixtures have components that "stick" to materials in different ways. These attractions take place at the molecular level. The different techniques of HPLC,GC are based on this. The retention time is usually identified here for its application for analysis.
Crystallization
This technique of separation is driven by separation by solubility. Substances have different solubilities at temperatures. A solution can be cooled to the point where the solute will begin to form crystals and separate from the mixture.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a method in which solid or liquid particles of different densities are separated by rotating them in the tube in a horizontal circle. The heavier suspended particles move down and lighter particles remain on top. In this method, the mixture is rotated at a high speed in a test tube in a machine called centrifuge.
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