Question

Write Characteristics of BRYOPHYTES.

Answer 1

$\huge\textbf{Bryophytes :}$


Bryo means mosses and phyton means plant. It includes the simplest land plants. They grow mostly in moist and shady places. They also grow in dry, aquatic and saprophytic conditions.

Reproduction takes place in them by adventitious branches and fragmentation. 

$\textbf{Classification of Bryophytes}$

1) Liverwort

2) Mosses

3) Hornwort

$\textbf{1) Liverwort}$

→ Liverwort grow mostly in shady and moist areas.

→ Their body is thalloid.

→ Asexual reproduction by fragmentation and by specialised structure called gamma.

→ Asexual buds called gemma cups located on the thalli. Male and female organs are produced either on same or different thalli.

→ Ex :- Marchantia.

$\textbf{2) Mosses}$ 

→ Mosses occurs in tropic parts of Antarctica and also in desert's.

→ The gametophytic plant body is leafy shows radial symmetry.

→ Gametophytic consists of two stages namely, 
a) Protonema stage, which develops directly from spore. 
b) Leafy stage, which develops from the secondary protolemma.

→ Vegetative reproduction by fragmentation and budding. Male and female organs are antheridia and archegonia.

→ After fertilization, zygote develops into sporophyte. The sporophyte is differentiated into foot, capsula and seta.

→ Ex :- Funaria.

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Answer 2

Bryophyte

Marchantia, an example of a liverwort.

The life cycle of a dioicous bryophyte. ...

Hornworts include those bryophytes that are believed to be the closest living relatives of the vascular plants.

Mosses are one group of bryophytes.

Liverworts are included in the bryophyte group.

Moss peat is made from Sphagnum.