Question

Write difference between Khadar and BhangarDescribe any two types of soil erosion and explain the steps can be taken to stop soil erosion in hilly areas and plain area
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Answer 1

Answer:

is attached

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Bangar Soil :

(i) Bangar is the old alluvium. In other words, Bangar is older than Khadar.

(ii) Bangar often contains kankar nodules with calcium carbonates in sub-soil.

(iii) Bangar is not renewed frequently. Hence, it is less fertile.

(iv) Bangar is found away from the river and higher than ground level.

Khadar Soil :

(i) Khadar is the new alluvium. In other words, Khadar is younger in age.

(ii) Khadar is finer, more sandy and free from kankar nodules.

(iii) Khadar is renewed frequently and is more fertile.

(iv) Khadar is found near river channels in deltas and in flood plains.

Explanation:

TYPES OF SOIL EROSION :

Rain Drop or Splash Erosion

The erosion due to the impact of falling raindrops on soil surface leading to the destruction of the crumb structure is known as the raindrop or splash erosion.

Sheet Erosion

It is the uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface caused by the wind. Land areas with loose, shallow topsoil overlie compact soil are most prone to sheet erosion

Rill Erosion

Rill erosion is a form of water erosion in which the erosion takes places through numerous narrow and more or not so straight channels called streamlets, or head cuts. Rill is the most common form of erosion, which you can also observe during heavy rain.

Gully Erosion

Gully erosion occurs due to the runoff of surface water causing the removal of soil with drainage lines. Gullies when started once, will move by headward erosion or even by slumping of side walls unless and un-till proper steps will be taken in order to stabilize the disturbance.

The following are the important steps taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas:

1. Afforestation: The best way to conserve soil is to increase the area under forest. Indiscriminate felling of the trees should be stopped and efforts should be made to plant trees in new areas.

2. Checking shifting cultivation: Checking and reducing shifting cultivation will reduce soil erosion.

3. Contour Ploughing: If ploughing done at right angles to the hill slope, following the natural contours of the hill, the ridges and furrows break the flow of water down the hill. This will prevents soil erosion.