write difference between soaps and detergents and write cleansing action of soap as well as write the reaction when ethanol is heated in presence of sulphuric acid
Answers
1. Soaps are the soaps are the sodium salt of long chain Carboxylic acids but, synthetic detergents are sodium salt of long chain and Sulphonic acids.
2. Soaps are biodegradable but, detergents are non biodegradable.
3. Soaps are not suitable for washing in case of hard water but synthetic detergents can be used for washing even in the case of hard water.
4. Soaps have a poor cleansing action what detergents have relatively better cleansing action.
5. Soaps are prepared from animal fats or vegetable oils but synthetic detergents are prepared from the hydrocarbons obtained from Petroleum.
6. Soaps are soft what synthetic detergents are as like as a crystal.
Preparation of soap:- Saponification reaction.
C15H31COOH + NaOH ------>C15H31COONa + H2O
When ethanol is heated strongly with concentrated sulphuric acid to about 443 Kelvin, it loses a molecule of water and forms in which region unsaturated hydrocarbon. concentrated sulphuric acid is a dehydrating agent as it as a strong affinity for water.
C2H5OH---conc.H2SO4-----> C2H4 + H2O
1) Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acid whereas detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acid.
2) Soaps are biodegradable whereas some detergents are non biodegradable.
3) Soaps do not cause much pollution whereas detergents cause pollution to the environment.
4) Soaps cannot be used in hard water as they react with calcium or magnesium ions to form scum whereas detergents do not react with calcium or magnesium ions.
Cleansing action of soap
1) Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acid.
2)Soaps have two parts, the ionic end which is soluble in water and carbon chain which dissolves in oil.
3)The soap molecules form structures called micelles where ionic end faces outside and long carbon chain is towards the water droplet.
4)On agitation, the micelle help in dissolving dirt in water and we can wash our clothes clean.
Heating ethanol at 443K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid gives ethene.
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