Question

write down about bio-energentic and atp cycle​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems.[1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.[2][3] That is, the goal of bioenergetics is to describe how living organisms acquire and transform energy in order to perform biological work.[4] The study of metabolic pathways is thus essential to bioenergetics.

Answer 2

$\textbf {\red{Bio-energetic\:and\:ATP\:Cycle}}$

$\textbf {Bio-energetic\:is\:the\:study\:of}$ $\textbf {conversion\:of\:energy\:in\:living}$ $\textbf {cells,\:nature,\:and\:function\:of}$ $\textbf {chemical\:processes.}$

According to principle of thermodynamics, the transformation of matter, chemical transformation is accompanied by energy conversion. For example - when complex molecules are broken down into their simple constituent molecules they liberates kinetic energy, it is called catabolic process or Exergonic process (exothermic).

Conversely, when complex molecules are synthesized from simple molecules, they consume potential energy, this process is called Anabolic process or Endergonic process (endothermic).

Whenever matter is broken releases chemical energy as heat. Non-biological system can utilize this heat energy directly and convert it into mechanical, electrical or other forms of energy because these systems are anisothermal (not at constant temperature).

On the other hand, biological system are isothermal, they maintain fixed body temperature or an optimum range of temperature equal to the environment. The rise or fall of temperature by a few degree from constant or optimum temperature has an adverse effect on the structure and function of the living cells. That is living system cannot use heat energy directly to perform work. The transformation of stored energy in living or biological system is called Biological energy.

The transformation of biological energy in the living system is carried out by ATP-Cycle.

Lohmann (1929) discovered that energy exchanger compounds in all biological system s are of two types -

• $\textbf {Adenosine\:diphosphate\: (ADP)}$
• $\textbf {Adenosine\:triphosphate\: (ATP)}$

The ATP act as carriers of bioenergy which is use to drive a wide variety of metabolic (biosynthesis) processes runs in the cell. ATP is also called Universal energy carrier.

In 1941, Fridz Lipmann, a German biochemist discovered that-

ADP => ATP => ADP cycle of energy exchange in the cell.

In the exergonic reaction ADP molecules directly receives the liberated energy and store it by forming a high energy anhydride bond with a new phosphate group transforming into ATP molecules. Reversely, the ATP molecules participate in energy consuming (endergonic) reaction and hydrolyse to ADP molecules. Energy stored in ATP is called Bioenergy.

#answerwithquality #BAL